Chapter 18 Flashcards
Makeup of the Estates General and reasons for its convening in 1789
- Clergy
- Nobility
- Everyone else
Financial crisis
Causes leading up to the French Revolution
Louis XVI dismisses Maupeou, Versailles, American Revolution, famine, Marie Antionette
Financial reforms of Charles Calonne
Gabelle - salt, corveé - peasants’ labor services, taille - property tax
Grievances included as part of the cashiers de doleances
Unfair taxes, government spending, unnecessary wars, church corruption, privilege, regular meetings, hunting rights, natural rights
Creation of the National Assembly
June 17, 1789; 3rd estate, invited enlightened 1st and 2nd estate, 2nd estate later joined NA
Facts about the Tennis Court Oath
Promised to draft a constitution, June 20, 1789
Facts and significance of the Storming of Bastille
Beginning of Revolution, went to steal gunpowder, National Gaurd
The Great Fear
Fear from countryside that food would be taken away, Revolution spreads throughout France
The Night of August 4th
“Feudalism is abolished”, everyone is equal (not really), eased fear
Declaration of Rights of Man and citizen
Aug 27, 1789; set up rights, liberty, equality, sovereignty, security, freedom, excluded women
The “October Days”
Oct 5-7, 1789; women march to Versailles to get grain, take Louis and family back with them, Versailles is no longer home to monarchy
Constitution of 1791
Limited monarchy, legislative assembly, Active vs. Passive citizens
Declaration of the Rights of Women
1791; equality in marriage, property, recognition as citizens, women mean successful Revolution
Economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France
Deregulation of trade, metric system, Chapelier Law, Assignats
The Civil Constitution of Clergy
July 1790; Catholic Church under state control, Jurying vs. Refractory clergy
Émigrés
16,000 fled to England, Austria, Netherlands
Jacobins
Montagnards; radical, Rousseauian, community over individual, wanted republic
Girondists; wanted constitutional monarchy, majority of legislative assembly
Sans Culottes- goals and methods
Wanted
1) end of food shortages
2) social quality
Used crowd action
The September Massacres
1200 counterrevolutionaries executed, Sans Culottes, impromptu Revolutionary tribunals
The Declaration of Pillnitz
Leopold II, Frederick William II- Prussia and Austria would militarily enforce existing monarchy if royal family harmed
The National Convention and its actions
New constitution with democratic principles without monarchy; September 21, 1792 French Republic (first action)
Countries at war with France by 1793
Spain, Holland, Austria, Britain, Sardinia
Levee en masse
Draft aimed at males- males provide ammunition, Women provide food, children aid women, elderly inspired patriotism
French Republic and “Republic of Virtue”
Revolutionary calendar, Notre Dame Cathedral
Dechristianization
Values important to the Republic of Virtue
Terror, Repressed woman, community over individual, dechristianization (Deism), revolutionary tribunals
The Committee of Public Safety
12 seats, search for insurgents
Fax about the Reign of Terror
Decree of Fraternity- promised help for other nations, The First Coalition- defense against France
Law of 22 Prairial
Eliminated due process of law, now called “Great Terror”
Fax about Robespierre
Republic of virtue, “The Incorruptible”, no virtue without terror
Results of the Thermidorian Reaction
Rid of guillotine, Committee of Public Safety abolished, Jacobins and Sans Culottes abolished, White Terror, Constitution of Year III, Vendémiaire Uprising
“Bands of Jesus” and the White Terror
Getting rid of all radical organizations to end the Terror
Women’s rights before and after the Revolution
Women lost more rights than anyone
Jean Paul Marat
“The Friend of the People,” newspaper, republic, end church monarchy and privilege
Challenges facing the French revolutionary government by 1793
Monarchy, religious division, economic crisis, émigrés/pro royalists, Asignats, political factions
Edmund Burke’s View of the French Revolution
For American Revolution, from Britain, against French Revolution, predicted turmoil
The Partitions of Poland
France, Prussia, Austria
National Constituent Assembly
Formed after Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly, Constitutional Assembly
Compte Rendu
Jacques Necker, presented state of France’s finances, No War debt, pensions
Reasons for the riots in 1788–1789
Food shortages
