Chapter 18

Question 0

Makeup of the Estates General and reasons for its convening in 1789

Answer 0

1. Clergy
2. Nobility
3. Everyone else

Financial crisis

Question 1

Causes leading up to the French Revolution

Answer 1

Louis XVI dismisses Maupeou, Versailles, American Revolution, famine, Marie Antionette

Question 2

Financial reforms of Charles Calonne

Answer 2

Gabelle - salt, corveé - peasants’ labor services, taille - property tax

Question 3

Grievances included as part of the cashiers de doleances

Answer 3

Unfair taxes, government spending, unnecessary wars, church corruption, privilege, regular meetings, hunting rights, natural rights

Question 4

Creation of the National Assembly

Answer 4

June 17, 1789; 3rd estate, invited enlightened 1st and 2nd estate, 2nd estate later joined NA

Question 5

Facts about the Tennis Court Oath

Answer 5

Promised to draft a constitution, June 20, 1789

Question 6

Facts and significance of the Storming of Bastille

Answer 6

Beginning of Revolution, went to steal gunpowder, National Gaurd

Question 7

The Great Fear

Answer 7

Fear from countryside that food would be taken away, Revolution spreads throughout France

Question 8

The Night of August 4th

Answer 8

“Feudalism is abolished”, everyone is equal (not really), eased fear

Question 9

Declaration of Rights of Man and citizen

Answer 9

Aug 27, 1789; set up rights, liberty, equality, sovereignty, security, freedom, excluded women

Question 10

The “October Days”

Answer 10

Oct 5-7, 1789; women march to Versailles to get grain, take Louis and family back with them, Versailles is no longer home to monarchy

Question 11

Constitution of 1791

Answer 11

Limited monarchy, legislative assembly, Active vs. Passive citizens

Question 12

Declaration of the Rights of Women

Answer 12

1791; equality in marriage, property, recognition as citizens, women mean successful Revolution

Question 13

Economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France

Answer 13

Deregulation of trade, metric system, Chapelier Law, Assignats

Question 14

The Civil Constitution of Clergy

Answer 14

July 1790; Catholic Church under state control, Jurying vs. Refractory clergy

Question 15

Émigrés

Answer 15

16,000 fled to England, Austria, Netherlands

Question 16

Jacobins

Answer 16

Montagnards; radical, Rousseauian, community over individual, wanted republic

Girondists; wanted constitutional monarchy, majority of legislative assembly

Question 17

Sans Culottes- goals and methods

Answer 17

Wanted
1) end of food shortages
2) social quality
Used crowd action

Question 18

The September Massacres

Answer 18

1200 counterrevolutionaries executed, Sans Culottes, impromptu Revolutionary tribunals

Question 19

The Declaration of Pillnitz

Answer 19

Leopold II, Frederick William II- Prussia and Austria would militarily enforce existing monarchy if royal family harmed

Question 20

The National Convention and its actions

Answer 20

New constitution with democratic principles without monarchy; September 21, 1792 French Republic (first action)

Question 21

Countries at war with France by 1793

Answer 21

Spain, Holland, Austria, Britain, Sardinia

Question 22

Levee en masse

Answer 22

Draft aimed at males- males provide ammunition, Women provide food, children aid women, elderly inspired patriotism

Question 23

French Republic and “Republic of Virtue”

Answer 23

Revolutionary calendar, Notre Dame Cathedral

Dechristianization

Question 24

Values important to the Republic of Virtue

Answer 24

Terror, Repressed woman, community over individual, dechristianization (Deism), revolutionary tribunals

Question 25

The Committee of Public Safety

Answer 25

12 seats, search for insurgents

Question 26

Fax about the Reign of Terror

Answer 26

Decree of Fraternity- promised help for other nations, The First Coalition- defense against France

Question 27

Law of 22 Prairial

Answer 27

Eliminated due process of law, now called “Great Terror”

Question 28

Fax about Robespierre

Answer 28

Republic of virtue, “The Incorruptible”, no virtue without terror

Question 29

Results of the Thermidorian Reaction

Answer 29

Rid of guillotine, Committee of Public Safety abolished, Jacobins and Sans Culottes abolished, White Terror, Constitution of Year III, Vendémiaire Uprising

Question 30

“Bands of Jesus” and the White Terror

Answer 30

Getting rid of all radical organizations to end the Terror

Question 31

Women’s rights before and after the Revolution

Answer 31

Women lost more rights than anyone

Question 32

Jean Paul Marat

Answer 32

“The Friend of the People,” newspaper, republic, end church monarchy and privilege

Question 33

Challenges facing the French revolutionary government by 1793

Answer 33

Monarchy, religious division, economic crisis, émigrés/pro royalists, Asignats, political factions

Question 34

Edmund Burke’s View of the French Revolution

Answer 34

For American Revolution, from Britain, against French Revolution, predicted turmoil

Question 35

The Partitions of Poland

Answer 35

France, Prussia, Austria

Question 36

National Constituent Assembly

Answer 36

Formed after Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly, Constitutional Assembly

Question 37

Compte Rendu

Answer 37

Jacques Necker, presented state of France’s finances, No War debt, pensions

Question 38

Reasons for the riots in 1788–1789

Answer 38

Food shortages