Chapter 18&19 A&P2 Flashcards
When released in high amounts causes intense vasoconstriction
ADH
Neurotransmitter which brings about parasympathetic nervous system effects on the heart
Acetylcholine
Interconnections of vessels around organs or joints which allow alternate pathways of blood supply
Anastomoses
The valve which closes when the left ventricle relaxes
Aortic semilunar
Vessels which carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Site of greatest peripheral resistance
Arterioles
Second structure of the intrinsic conduction system; located in the intertribal septum
Atrioventricular node
Mechanoreceptors that detect changes in arterial pressure; located in carotid sinuses, aortic arch, large arteries of neck and thorax
Baroreceptors
The valve which closes when the left ventricle contracts
Bicuspid
Cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance
Blood pressure
The place in the body where auto regulation of blood flow is triggered by an increase in carbon dioxide
Brain
Increase in this mineral can lead to spastic heart contraction
Calcium
Place where blood flow is the slowest
Capillaries
Type of shock due to heart failure
Cardiogenic
Connective tissue strings which connect AV valve flaps to muscles in ventricular walls
Chordae tendineae
Collects blood draining from the myocardium
Coronary sinus
Blood pressure reading associated with ventricular relaxation
Diastolic
The aorta is an example of a/an _____ artery.
Elastic
Lining of the inside surfaces of the heart
Endocardium
Another name for the visceral pericardium
Epicardium
Capillaries that have pores are said to be _____.
Fenestrated
Shallow depression which marks the spot where an opening existed in the fetal heart
Fossa ovalis
Force which dominates at arterial end of capillary bed to force fluid out of the circulation
Hydrostatic pressure
Type of shock due to large-scale blood loss
Hypovolemic
Returns blood from regions inferior to diaphragm
Inferior vena cava
Organ which releases renin, which results in formation of angiotensin, a vasoconstrictor
Kidneys
Chamber attached to pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Chamber attached to aorta
Left ventricle
The place in the body where low oxygen leads to vasoconstriction
Lungs
_____ arteries deliver blood to specific body organs; most named arteries.
Muscular
Layer of the heart where the cardiac muscle is located
Myocardium
Neurotransmitter which brings about sympathetic nervous system effects on the heart
Norepinephrine
Temporary low blood pressure and dizziness when rising suddenly from a reclining or sitting position
Orthostatic hypotension
Force which dominates at venous end of capillary bed to draw fluid back into the circulation
Osmotic pressure
Muscles which protrude from ventricular walls to anchor AV valves in the closed position
Papillary muscles
Covering of the heart next to the body wall
Parietal pericardium
Opposition to blood flow; measure of the amount of friction the blood encounters when passing through the vessels
Peripheral resistance
In excess, this mineral interferes with depolarization and may lead to heart block and cardiac arrest
Potassium
Cuff of smooth muscle which determines whether blood will enter the capillary bed
Precapillary sphincter
The valve which closes when the right ventricle relaxes
Right atrium
Chamber attached to pulmonary artery
Right ventricle
High blood pressure due to identifiable disorders such as hyperthyroidism or Cushing’s disease
Secondary hypertension
Pacemaker of the heart; located in right atrium
Sinoatrial node
Inhibits transport of calcium and thereby blocks heart contraction
Sodium
Returns blood from regions superior to diaphragm
Superior vena cava
Blood pressure reading associated with ventricular contraction
Systolic
Causes a slow, sustained increase in heart rate when released in large quantities
Thyroxine
The valve which closes when the right ventricle contracts
Tricuspid
Part of blood vessel wall which is composed of collagen fibers to protect and anchor the vessel
Tunica externa
Part of the blood vessel wall which contains the endothelium
Tunica media
Structures present in veins that prevent blood form flowing backward
Valves
Type of shock due to extreme vasodilation; can be caused by autonomic nervous system dysfunction and septicemia
Vascular
Short vessel tat directly connects the arteriole and venue at opposite ends of capillary bed
Vascular shunt
Vessels which carry blood to the heart
Veins
The most important factor in altering peripheral resistance
Vessel diameter
