Chapter 18 Flashcards
List at least 8 of the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous.
What are the four “stages of change” listed in the text?
precontemplation stage - individual does not recognize that a problem exists
contemplation stage - individual believes that a problem might exist and gives some consideration to the possibility of changing his or her behavior
preparation stage - individual decides to change and makes plans to do so
action stage - individual takes active steps toward change, such as entering treatment
Give one example for each: agonist/substitution therapy, antagonist therapy, and punishment therapy.
What drugs are typically used to reduce withdrawal symptoms during alcohol detoxification?
Compare and contrast the use of disulfiram (Antabuse) versus either naltrexone or acamprosate for alcohol use disorder.
Disulfiram is a form of punishment therapy. It produces an unpleasant reaction when combined with alcohol. Several studies show its efficacy, but often individuals just stop taking the drug.
Naltrexone has not shown a big impact on overall treatment success.
Acamprosate bears a structural resemblance to GABA. It normalizes GABA concentrations and blocks glutamate increases observed during alcohol withdrawal. Impact of its availability on treating alcohol-use disorder is not yet known.
How are methadone and buprenorphine similar to each other and different from naltrexone as treatments for opioid use disorder?
They are both approved by the FDA for use as opioid-dependence medications. Both methadone and buprenorphine use may be continued for months or years.
Naltrexone is a short-acting opioid antagonist. It is often used for treating opioid overdose.
Methadone and buprenorphine are similar in that they help people abstain from opioids. They differ from naltrexone as a treatment for opioid dependence because naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids but doesn’t help with abstinence. They differ from naltrexone as a treatment for opioid dependence because naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids but doesn’t help with abstinence.
What are some events that may lead to the development of new drug policy?
Compare and contrast drug legalization and drug decriminalization.
Drug Legalization: When the sale, acquisition, use, and possession of recreational drugs are legal for adults. Ex: alcohol and tobacco.
Drug Decriminalization: When the possession of illegal drugs for personal use is not a criminal offense.
How might employers discriminate against someone who has been convicted of a drug-related crime?
Jobs may refuse to higher someone due to drug-related violations despite them being the most common cause of arrests. More than 80% of arrests in the United States involve only simple possession, but can prevent you for getting a job.
Explain how one might decrease the number of impurities found in illegal drugs through effective drug policy.
An anonymous and confidential drug-testing service called drug purity-testing where people who use illegal drugs can submit their drug samples for testing in order to understand the composition and purity of the sample and to identify adulterants. It’s free of charge to Spanish citizens.
