Chapter 18 Flashcards
Common Chronic and Acute Conditions
Acute
Severe symptoms that last a relatively short time
Chronic
Long-term, less severe symptoms that can be managed, but periods of severity can occur
Scabies
Contagious condition in which mites burrow into the skin and lay eggs. Can be spread through direct contact; itching and skin rash are common symptoms
Shingles
Herpes zoster. Pain, tingling, and itching can occur and develop into a rash of fluid-filled blisters. Not contagious, but may give chickenpox to someone who has never had it.
Wounds
Type of injury to the skin; either open or closed. Include incisions, lacerations, abrasions, puncture wounds, contusions, and hematomas.
Dermatitis
General term referring to skin inflammation. Includes atopic dermatitis (eczema) and stasis dermatitis
Stasis Dermatitis
Mostly affects lower legs and ankles; occurs as a result of fluid buildup under the skin
Fungal Infections
Fungi include mushrooms, mold, and yeasts (Candida). Imbalances cause fungal infections, which can include athlete’s foot and vaginal yeast infections. Tinea is another example of a fungi.
Tinea
“Ringworm.” Red, ring-like patches on the skin
Arthritis
Inflammation or swelling of the joints. May be the result of aging, injury, or autoimmune disease
Autoimmune Illness
Immune system attacks normal tissues
Osteoarthritis
Common in the elderly. Occurs with aging or joint injury and the hips and knees are normally affected and pain/stiffness can increase with cold and damp weather.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Can occur at any age. Characterized by red, swollen, and very painful joints starting with smaller joints and progressing to larger ones. Movement is eventually restricted. Fever, fatigue, and weight loss are also symptoms.
How can rheumatoid arthritis be treated?
Anti-inflammatory medication, local heat application, ROM exercises, regular activity routine, and diet to reduce weight or maintain strength
Osteoporosis
Makes bones porous and brittle. May be caused by age, lack of hormones, lack of calcium in bones, alcohol consumption, or lack of exercise. More common in women after menopause. Stooped posture, becoming shorter over time, and low back pain are common symptoms.
Closed Fracture
Broken bone that does not break the skin
Open (Compound) Fracture
Broke bone that penetrates the skin
The NA should _______ the extremity that has a cast to prevent swelling.
Elevate
A wet cast can be placed on a ______ to prevent altering its shape as it dries
Pillow
Why should casts be kept dry?
Loose casts lose their shape.
Fractures can be caused by injuries or ____________.
Osteoporosis
Should the NA perform ROM exercises on the side of the hip after a hip replacement?
No. Not unless directed by a nurse
After a hip replacement, which side should you dress first?
The affected/weaker side.
When preparing to transfer the resident from the bed, _____________________.
Place a pillow between the thighs to keep the legs separated.
Prosthesis
A device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed
Knee Replacement
Insertion of a prosthetic knee
What are compression stockings?
Stockings applied to the leg and hooked to a machine, which inflates and deflates to act as a muscle normally would
What are ankle pumps?
Simple exercises to promote blood circulation to the legs
Muscular Dystrophy
An inherited disease in which muscles gradually waste away and deformity and weakness occur.
Amputation
The removal of some or all of a body part
Phantom Sensation
Pain in apart that has been amputated; caused by remaining nerve endings and is real.
Complementary Medicine
Treatments used in addition to conventional treatments prescribed by doctors
Alternative Medicine
Practices and treatments used instead of conventional methods