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History > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Vocabulary

German scientist that discovered that planets orbit in an elliptical pattern

A

Kepler

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2
Q

Vocabulary

People give up rights and liberties in exchange for something from the government

A

Social Contract

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3
Q

Vocabulary

Philosopher who advocated individual freedoms

A

Rousseau

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4
Q

Vocabulary

Period in time in which people make discoveries based on observations and scientific principles

A

Scientific Revolution

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5
Q

Vocabulary

Era in which logic and reason was used to solve society’s problems

A

Enlightenment Era

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6
Q

Vocabulary

Series of steps that helps prove experiments

A

Scientific Method

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7
Q

Vocabulary

French philosopher who advocated religious freedom

A

Voltaire

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8
Q

Vocabulary

Everything is attracted to one another

A

Law of Gravity

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9
Q

Vocabulary

System that ensures not one branch of government has all the power

A

Separation of Powers

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10
Q

Vocabulary

Italian scientist that discovered planets are similar in structure to Earth

A

Galileo

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11
Q

Vocabulary

Philosopher who advocated the separation of powers and checks and balances in government

A

Montesquieu

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12
Q

Vocabulary

Polish mathematician that came up with the helioocentric theory

A

Copernicus

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13
Q

Vocabulary

English scientist that discovered the Law of Gravity

A

Isaac Newton

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14
Q

Vocabulary

Theory that planets revolve around the sun

A

Heliocentric

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15
Q

What are three ways the Scientific Revolution began?

A
  1. Renaissance
  2. New technology
  3. Age of Discovery
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16
Q

What are five things that came from the Scientific Revolution?

A
  1. Scientific Method
  2. Better understanding of the human body
  3. New technology for scientific observation
  4. Discovery of elements
  5. Vaccinations
17
Q

What are two ideas on government that Thomas Hobbes had?

A
  1. Strong central government
  2. Social Contract
18
Q

What are two ideas on government that John Locke had?

A
  1. Government power comes from the people
  2. People can overthrow a corrupt government
19
Q

What are checks and balances?

A

Each branch of government has oversight of another

20
Q

What did Beccaria advocate?

A

More rights to those on trial

21
Q

What are three ways that the Enlightenment spread?

A
  1. Encyclopedia by Diderot
  2. Printing Press
  3. French Salons
22
Q

How did the Enlightenment affect Frederick the Great?

A

Instituted some Enlightenment ideas, but kept the majority of the monarchy’s power

23
Q

How did the Enlightenment affect Joseph II?

A

Instituted major Enlightenment reforms

24
Q

What are two ways the Enlightenment affected Catherine the Great?

A
  1. Was a big supporter of the Enlightenment
  2. Doesn’t institue any reforms because she loses power
25
Q

What are four legacies of the Enlightenment?

A
  1. Conflict between science and religion
  2. Increased focus on humanism
  3. World-changing revolutions
  4. Secular viewpoint

History (3 decks)

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