Chapter 18 Flashcards
Vocabulary
German scientist that discovered that planets orbit in an elliptical pattern
Kepler
Vocabulary
People give up rights and liberties in exchange for something from the government
Social Contract
Vocabulary
Philosopher who advocated individual freedoms
Rousseau
Vocabulary
Period in time in which people make discoveries based on observations and scientific principles
Scientific Revolution
Vocabulary
Era in which logic and reason was used to solve society’s problems
Enlightenment Era
Vocabulary
Series of steps that helps prove experiments
Scientific Method
Vocabulary
French philosopher who advocated religious freedom
Voltaire
Vocabulary
Everything is attracted to one another
Law of Gravity
Vocabulary
System that ensures not one branch of government has all the power
Separation of Powers
Vocabulary
Italian scientist that discovered planets are similar in structure to Earth
Galileo
Vocabulary
Philosopher who advocated the separation of powers and checks and balances in government
Montesquieu
Vocabulary
Polish mathematician that came up with the helioocentric theory
Copernicus
Vocabulary
English scientist that discovered the Law of Gravity
Isaac Newton
Vocabulary
Theory that planets revolve around the sun
Heliocentric
What are three ways the Scientific Revolution began?
- Renaissance
- New technology
- Age of Discovery
What are five things that came from the Scientific Revolution?
- Scientific Method
- Better understanding of the human body
- New technology for scientific observation
- Discovery of elements
- Vaccinations
What are two ideas on government that Thomas Hobbes had?
- Strong central government
- Social Contract
What are two ideas on government that John Locke had?
- Government power comes from the people
- People can overthrow a corrupt government
What are checks and balances?
Each branch of government has oversight of another
What did Beccaria advocate?
More rights to those on trial
What are three ways that the Enlightenment spread?
- Encyclopedia by Diderot
- Printing Press
- French Salons
How did the Enlightenment affect Frederick the Great?
Instituted some Enlightenment ideas, but kept the majority of the monarchy’s power
How did the Enlightenment affect Joseph II?
Instituted major Enlightenment reforms
What are two ways the Enlightenment affected Catherine the Great?
- Was a big supporter of the Enlightenment
- Doesn’t institue any reforms because she loses power
What are four legacies of the Enlightenment?
- Conflict between science and religion
- Increased focus on humanism
- World-changing revolutions
- Secular viewpoint
