Chapter 18 Flashcards
Streetcar cities
mprovements in urban transportation made the growth of cities possible. In the walking cities of the pre-Civil War era, people had little choice but to live within walking distance of their shops or jobs. Such cities gave way to cities, in which people lived in residences many miles from their jobs and commuted to work on horse-drawn s. By the 1890s, both horse-drawn cars and cable cars were being replaced by electric trolleys, elevated railroads, and subways, which could transport people to urban residences even farther from the city’s commercial center. The building of mas sive steel suspension bridges such as New York’s Brooklyn Bridge (completed in 1883) also made possible longer commutes between residential areas and the center city.
“City Beautiful” movement
the “ movement advanced grand plans to remake American cities with tree-lined boulevards, public parks and public cultural attractions. The debate between the private good and the public good in urban growth and development has continued as an open issue.
Social Gospel
In the 1880s and 1890s, a number of Protestant clergy espoused the cause of social justice for the poor-especially the urban poor. They preached what they called the , or the importance of applying Christian principles to social problems.
Spectator sports
American were played and attended by men. They were part of a “bachelor subculture” for single men in their twenties and thirties, whose lives centered around saloons, horse races, and pool halls. It took years for some , such as boxing and football, to gain middle-class respectability.
Growth of leisure time
middle-class families, birth control was used to reduce average family size, which declined from 7.04 family members in 1800 to 5.42 in 1830. More affluent women now had the to devote to religious and moral uplift organizations.
