Chapter 18 Flashcards
Microbiology
The study of microorganisms
Pathogenetic
disease producing microorganisms
Virulent
disease that are capable of causing a serious disease
Aerobes
variety of bacteria that need oxygen to grow
Anaerobes
bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen
Facultative Aerobes
organisms that can grow in the presence of or absence of oxygen
Protozoa
a single celled microscopic animal without a rigid cell wall
Provirus
a hidden virus during the latency period
Prion
- very tiny infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA
- they are a new and separate class
- contain only protein and no nucleic acids
Spore
the most resistant form of life
CJD
a rare chronic brain disease with onset in the middle to late life
Oral Candidiasis
yeast infection of the oral mucosa
West Nile Virus
infection through a mosquito bite
MRSA
- bacterium that is resistant to some antibiotics
- everyday bacterium that causes pimples, boils, sinus infections, and meningitis
H1N1 Virus
caused by A-type viruses
What Did Aristotle Introduce?
the earliest belief that life was “spontaneously generated” from nonliving matter
What did Antony Van Leeuwenhoek introduce?
primitive microscope to observe stagnant water and scrapings from the teeth
What Did John Tyndall Introduce?
the need for prolonged heating to destroy microbial life in broth
What Did Joseph Lister Introduce?
recognized the role of airborne microorganisms in the postsurgical infection
What Did Robert Koch Introduce?
developed a 2 part dish that was used for growing bacteria
What Did Louis Pasteur Introduce?
father of microbiology and discovered the rabies vaccine
What Are The Five Major Groups Of Microorganisms?
- bacteria
- algae
- protozoa
- fungi
- viruses
In What Conditions Do Pathogenic Bacteria Grow Best?
at 98.6%, dark and moist environment
What Is Bacteria?
- make up a larger group of one-celled microorganisms that vary is size, shape, and arrangement of cells
- causes caries, periodontal disease, tetanus, tuberculosis, and syphilis
What Are The Different Shapes Of Bacteria?
- spherical (cocci)
- rod (bacilli)
- spiral (spirochetes)
What Is Hepatitis A?
- transmits via fecal to oral
- good hygiene prevents it
What Is Hepatitis B?
- transmits via blood-borne, other body fluids, and saliva
- employee is required to offer immunization vaccine within 10 days without any cost to the patient
What Is Hepatitis C?
transmitted through blood transfusion or percutaneous exposure to blood
What Is Hepatitis D?
hepatitis B must be present
What Is Hepatitis E?
transmitted via fecal to oral by contaminated food or water
What Is HIV?
- a blood-borne viral disease
- spread through sexual contact, needle sharing, cuts or splashes that enter the mucous membrane
What Is Ebola?
- a rare but deadly virus that causes internal and external bleeding of the body
- spread by direct contact
What Is Tuberculosis?
- caused by bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis
- leading cause of death worldwide
- HIV and tuberculosis often occur together
What Is Tetanus?
- known as lockjaw
- dangerous
- caused by a spore-forming bacillus
What Is A Pandemic Disease?
- disease in which people have little to no immunity
- no vaccine available
- spreads from person to person
The Staining Process For Separating Bacteria Is Called?
gram test
