Chapter 18

Question 1

Microbiology

Answer 1

The study of microorganisms

Question 2

Pathogenetic

Answer 2

disease producing microorganisms

Question 3

Virulent

Answer 3

disease that are capable of causing a serious disease

Question 4

Aerobes

Answer 4

variety of bacteria that need oxygen to grow

Question 5

Anaerobes

Answer 5

bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen

Question 6

Facultative Aerobes

Answer 6

organisms that can grow in the presence of or absence of oxygen

Question 7

Protozoa

Answer 7

a single celled microscopic animal without a rigid cell wall

Question 8

Provirus

Answer 8

a hidden virus during the latency period

Question 9

Prion

Answer 9

• very tiny infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA
• they are a new and separate class
• contain only protein and no nucleic acids

Question 10

Spore

Answer 10

the most resistant form of life

Question 11

CJD

Answer 11

a rare chronic brain disease with onset in the middle to late life

Question 12

Oral Candidiasis

Answer 12

yeast infection of the oral mucosa

Question 13

West Nile Virus

Answer 13

infection through a mosquito bite

Question 14

MRSA

Answer 14

• bacterium that is resistant to some antibiotics
• everyday bacterium that causes pimples, boils, sinus infections, and meningitis

Question 15

H1N1 Virus

Answer 15

caused by A-type viruses

Question 16

What Did Aristotle Introduce?

Answer 16

the earliest belief that life was “spontaneously generated” from nonliving matter

Question 17

What did Antony Van Leeuwenhoek introduce?

Answer 17

primitive microscope to observe stagnant water and scrapings from the teeth

Question 18

What Did John Tyndall Introduce?

Answer 18

the need for prolonged heating to destroy microbial life in broth

Question 19

What Did Joseph Lister Introduce?

Answer 19

recognized the role of airborne microorganisms in the postsurgical infection

Question 20

What Did Robert Koch Introduce?

Answer 20

developed a 2 part dish that was used for growing bacteria

Question 21

What Did Louis Pasteur Introduce?

Answer 21

father of microbiology and discovered the rabies vaccine

Question 22

What Are The Five Major Groups Of Microorganisms?

Answer 22

• bacteria
• algae
• protozoa
• fungi
• viruses

Question 23

In What Conditions Do Pathogenic Bacteria Grow Best?

Answer 23

at 98.6%, dark and moist environment

Question 24

What Is Bacteria?

Answer 24

• make up a larger group of one-celled microorganisms that vary is size, shape, and arrangement of cells
• causes caries, periodontal disease, tetanus, tuberculosis, and syphilis

Question 25

What Are The Different Shapes Of Bacteria?

Answer 25

- spherical (cocci) - rod (bacilli) - spiral (spirochetes)

Question 26

What Is Hepatitis A?

Answer 26

- transmits via fecal to oral - good hygiene prevents it

Question 27

What Is Hepatitis B?

Answer 27

- transmits via blood-borne, other body fluids, and saliva - employee is required to offer immunization vaccine within 10 days without any cost to the patient

Question 28

What Is Hepatitis C?

Answer 28

transmitted through blood transfusion or percutaneous exposure to blood

Question 29

What Is Hepatitis D?

Answer 29

hepatitis B must be present

Question 30

What Is Hepatitis E?

Answer 30

transmitted via fecal to oral by contaminated food or water

Question 31

What Is HIV?

Answer 31

- a blood-borne viral disease - spread through sexual contact, needle sharing, cuts or splashes that enter the mucous membrane

Question 32

What Is Ebola?

Answer 32

- a rare but deadly virus that causes internal and external bleeding of the body - spread by direct contact

Question 33

What Is Tuberculosis?

Answer 33

- caused by bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis - leading cause of death worldwide - HIV and tuberculosis often occur together

Question 34

What Is Tetanus?

Answer 34

- known as lockjaw - dangerous - caused by a spore-forming bacillus

Question 35

What Is A Pandemic Disease?

Answer 35

- disease in which people have little to no immunity - no vaccine available - spreads from person to person

Question 36

The Staining Process For Separating Bacteria Is Called?

Answer 36

gram test