Chapter 17 - Therapy Flashcards
psychotherapy
an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences – and the therapist’s interpretations of them – released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth
A.K.A. person-centered therapy
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
a feature of Rogers’ client`-centered therapy
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
counterconditioning
a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning
includes systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning
exposure therapies
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid
systematic desensitization
a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
commonly used to treat phobias
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior
a patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
cognitive-behavior therapy
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
family therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system
views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication
regression toward the mean
the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
meta-analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
lithium
a chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders
electroconvulsive therapy (EEG)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
lobotomy
a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
