Chapter 16 - Psychological Disorders

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable

Question 2

medical model

Answer 2

The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured
When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital

Question 3

bio-psycho-social perspective

Answer 3

A contemporary perspective which assumes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

Question 4

DSM-IV

Answer 4

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
Presently distributed in an updated “text revision” (DSM –IV–TR)

Question 5

neurotic disorder

Answer 5

A psychological disorder that is unusually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially

Question 6

psychotic disorder

Answer 6

A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Question 7

anxiety disorders

Answer 7

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 8

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 9

panic disorder

Answer 9

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)

Question 10

dissociative disorders

Answer 10

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 11

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 11

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
A.K.A. multiple personality disorder

Question 12

schizophrenia

Answer 12

A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Question 13

delusions

Answer 13

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 14

personality disorders

Answer 14

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 15

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 15

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members
May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist