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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 17 Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Special Senses Flashcards

0
Q

Special senses

A

Smell, taste, vision, hearing, equillibrium
Specific locations in head
Distinct structures
Complex neural pathway

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1
Q

General senses

A

Somatic & visceral sensations
Scattered
Simple structures

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2
Q

Sense of smell

A

Olfaction

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3
Q

Olfactory/smell receptors

A

Chemoreceptors

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4
Q

Bipolar neuron with ____ called olfactory hairs

A

Cilia

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5
Q

Olfactory organs are located

A

Upper nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae & nasal septum

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6
Q

Supporting cells provide

A

Physical support, nourishment, insulation & detoxify chemicals

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7
Q

Basal stem cells

A

Develop into olfactory receptor cells

Continuously divide

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8
Q

Can detect about ___ odors

A

10,000

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9
Q

Physiology of olfaction

A

Steps 1-10

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10
Q

Sense of Tate

A

Gustation

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11
Q

Where are taste buds found

A

Tongue, pharynx, soft palate & epiglottis

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12
Q

Elevations of the tongue

A

Papillae

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13
Q

Projects through taste pore

A

Gustatory hair

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14
Q

Types of taste cell & location

A 
Sweet- tip of tongue 
Sour-lateral edges
Salty-tip & upper lateral portion 
Bitter-posterior
Umami-posterior
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15
Q

Taste impulses travel on what nerve pathways

A

Facial, glossy pharyngeal & vagus

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16
Q

External ear consists of

A

Auricle (pinna)

External auditory meatus

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17
Q

Rim of hear

A

Helix

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18
Q

Eardrum/ skin covered membrane

A

Tympanic membrane

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19
Q

Secretes earwax

A

Ceruminous gland

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20
Q

Three auditory ossicles

A

Malleus-vibrates
Incus-passes vibrations
Stapes- position in oval window

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21
Q

Connects middle ear to the nasopharynx to help maintain equal air pressure

A

Auditory tube

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22
Q

Opening of inner ear to middle ear

A

Round window

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23
Q

Muscles of ear

A

Tensor tympani & stapedius

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24
Q

Complex system of communicating chambers

A

Labyrinth

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25
Q

Inside membranous labyrinth

A

Endolymph

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26
Q

Lined with periosteum & contains peri lymph

A

Bony labyrinth

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27
Q

Series of epithelial sacs & tubes lining bony labyrinth

A

Membranous labyrinth

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28
Q

Oval central portion of bony labyrinth

A

Vestibule

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29
Q

Membranous sacs in ampulla

A

Utricle & saccule

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30
Q

3 semicircular canals

A

Anterior posterior and lateral

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31
Q

Swollen enlargement found at end of semicircular canals

A

Ampulla

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32
Q

Separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli

A

Vestibular membrane

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33
Q

Separates cochlear duct from scala tympani

A

Basilar membrane

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34
Q

Organ of hearing, rests on the basilar membrane inside of cochlear duct

A

Spiral organ

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35
Q

Steps in the generation of sensory impulses from the ear

A

Steps 1-12

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36
Q

Help maintain the position of the head when the head and body are still

A

Static equilibrium organs

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37
Q

Gelatinous material (grains of calcium carbonate)

A

Otoliths

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38
Q

The lens or it’s capsule become cloudy

A

Cataracts

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39
Q

An eye disorder that results from increased pressure in the anterior chamber that shut blood vessels that supply the receptor cells in the retina

A

Glaucoma

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40
Q

Double vision

A

Diplopia

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41
Q

Heightened sensitive to pain

A

Hyperalgesia

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42
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear

A

Otitis media

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43
Q

Ringing or buzzing noise in the ears

A

Tinnitus

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44
Q

Sensations of dizziness

A

Vertigo

45
Q

Protects the eye from foreign objects & has 4 layers

A

Eyelid

46
Q

4 layers of the eyelid

A

Skin
Muscles
Connective tissue
Conjunctiva

47
Q

Muscles of the eyelid

A

Orbicularis oculi

Elevator palpebrae superiorus

48
Q

Closes the eyelids when it contracts

A

Orbicularis oculi

49
Q

Raises the upper eyelid, helps open eye

A

Levator palpebrae superiorus

50
Q

Mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids

A

Conjunctiva

51
Q

Two small ducts drains tears into the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

52
Q

Empty into the medial corner of the eye

A

Lacrimal ducts

53
Q

Produce & secrete tears continuously

A

Lacrimal glands

54
Q

Function of tears

A

Lubricates
Cleanse
Antibacterial agent

55
Q

Rotates eye upward and toward midline

A

Superiorus rectus

56
Q

Rotates eye downward and toward midline

A

Inferiorus rectus

57
Q

Rotates eye toward midline

A

Medial rectus

58
Q

Rotates eye away from midline

A

Lateral rectus

59
Q

Rotates eye downward and away from midline

A

Superior oblique

60
Q

Rotates eye upward and away from midline

A

Inferior oblique

61
Q

How big in diameter is the eye

A

2.5 cm

62
Q

Few cells & no blood vessels

Primary organ for refraction of light rays

A

Cornea

63
Q

Optic nerve & blood vessels pierce

Attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles

A

Sclera

64
Q

what does the middle (vascular) tunic include

A

Choroid coat
Cillary body
Iris

65
Q

Highly vascularized & darkly pigmented

A

Choroid coat

66
Q

Functions of choroid coat

A

Nourishes tissues

Keeps eye dark

67
Q

Extends from choroid coat & forms ring around front of the eye

A

Cilliary body

68
Q

Ability of the lens to adjust shape & facilitate focusing

A

Accommodation

69
Q

Colored part of the eye

A

Iris

70
Q

What is the anterior cavity filled with

A

Aqueous humor

71
Q

Functions of aqueous humor

A

Maintain shape

Nourish

72
Q

The circular opening in the center of the iris

A

Pupil

73
Q

Two groups of smooth muscles in iris

A

Circular set

Radial set

74
Q

Contains visual receptor cells

A

Retina

75
Q

Largest posterior cavity of the eye is filled with

A

Vitreous humor

76
Q

Functions of vitreous humor

A

Support internal parts of the eye

Maintain shape

77
Q

Light waves bend to be focused

A

Refraction

78
Q

2 kinds of visual receptors

A

Rods & cones

79
Q

Cones

A

Sharp images
Bright light
Color

80
Q

Rods

A

Dim light

Colorless

81
Q

Light sensitive pigment in rods

A

Rhodopsin

82
Q

Light sensitive pigments in cones

A

Isodopsins

83
Q

All three sets stimulated

A

White

84
Q

None stimulated

A

Black

85
Q

Most sensitive to red light

A

Erythrolabe

86
Q

Most sensitive to green light

A

Chlorolabe

87
Q

Most sensitive to blue light

A

Cyanolabe

88
Q

A snail shaped structure that contains a bony core and think bony shelves

A

Cochlea

89
Q

The structure that opens to the round window

A

Scala tympani

90
Q

Amplifies and transmits vibrations to the oval window

A

Stapes

91
Q

Cranial nerve that is involved in the process of hearing

A

Vestibulocochlear

92
Q

Lobe that sensory impulses for hearing are interpreted

A

Temporal

93
Q

Range of frequencies hearing can detect

A

20-20,000

94
Q

Opens to the oval window

A

Scala vestibuli

95
Q

Hair cells have ___ which contact the tectorial membrane

A

Stereo cilia

96
Q

Chamber that contains hearing receptors

A

Cochlear duct

97
Q

Fluid found in the cochlea

Similar ionic concentration to CSF

A

Peri lymph

98
Q

Two different types of labyrinth

A

Bony

Membranous

99
Q

Organs of dynamic equilibrium

A

Cristae ampullans

100
Q

Type of receptor found in joints, helps maintain equilibrium

A

Mechanoreceptors

101
Q

Consists of hair cells & found in utricle & saccule

A

Macula

102
Q

Helps maintain balance when head & body move

A

Dynamic

103
Q

Helps maintain the position of the head when you are still

A

Static

104
Q

Two components of rhodopsin

A

Opsin, protein, retinal

105
Q

Muscles that make up iris & when they contract

A

Radial set-pupil dilates

Circular set-pupil constriction

106
Q

Watery fluid that fills anterior cavity

A

Aqueous humor

107
Q

Muscle that holds the lens in place & changes it’s shape

A

Ciliary muscle

108
Q

Function of the cornea

A

Refraction

109
Q

Structures that pierces the back of the eye

A

Blood vessels

Optic nerve

110
Q

Chamber found between iris & vitreous body

A

Posterior

111
Q

Anatomical name for inner tunic

A

Retina

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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