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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Properties of homeostasis

A

Excitability-stimuli
Contractility
Extensibility-stretch
Elasticity-return to original

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1
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A

Movement: walking&running
Stabilizing: posture
Moving substances: heart-blood & digestive tract
Generating heat: muscle=heat & shivering=heat

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2
Q

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular CT that surrounds muscles

A

Fascia

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3
Q

Three layers of CT

A

Epimysium-outermost
Perimysium-surrounds fascicles
Endomysium-separates muscle fibers

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4
Q

Cord that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Broad, flattened tendon (attaches muscles to structures as they move

A

Aponeurons

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6
Q

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles to contract

A

Somatic motor neurons

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7
Q

Muscle growth occurs by

Enlargement of existing muscle fibers

A

HYPERTROPHY

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8
Q

What hormones stimulate hypertrophy?

A

Testosterone & HGH

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9
Q

Retain capacity to regenerate damaged muscle fibers

A

Satellite cells

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10
Q

Plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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11
Q

Tunnels in from plasma membrane

Muscle AP travel through

A

T Tubules

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12
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle fibers

A

Sarcoplasm

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13
Q

Binds oxygen molecules

Red

A

Myoglobin

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14
Q

Used for synthesis of ATP

Sarcoplasm

A

Glycogen

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15
Q

Thread-like structures which have a contractile function

A

Myofibrils

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16
Q

Membranous sacs which encircle myofibril
Stores Ca+
Release of Ca+ triggers contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Function of the contractile process

A

Filaments

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18
Q

Two types of filaments

A

Myosin-thick

Actin-thin

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19
Q

Compartments of arranged filaments

Functional unit of a myofibril

A

Sarcomeres

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20
Q

Parts of a sarcomere

A 
Z discs
A band  
I band
H zone
M line
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21
Q

Separates one sarcomere from the next

A

Z discs

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22
Q

Darker middle part of sarcomere

Thick & thin filaments overlap one another

A

A band

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23
Q

Lighter, thin filaments

Z discs pass through

A

I band

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24
Q

Center of A band

Contains thick filaments

A

H zone

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25
Q

Supports proteins that hold thick filaments together in H zone

A

M line

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26
Q

Regulatory protein components

A

Troponin

Tropomyosin

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27
Q

Contractile protein

A

Myosin

Actin

28
Q

Switch contraction process off

A

Regulatory protein

29
Q

Generate force during contraction

A

Contractile protein

30
Q

Align thick & thin filaments properly

A

Structural protein

31
Q

Two types of structural proteins

A

Titin

Dystrophin

32
Q

Links thin filaments to the sarcolemma

A

Dystrophin

33
Q

Stabilize position of myosin

Accounts for elasticity & extensibility of myofibrils

A

Titin

34
Q

What are the 3 muscle proteins

A

Regulatory
Contractile
Structural

35
Q

Ability to respond to stimuli

A

Excitability

36
Q

Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated

A

Contractility

37
Q

Ability to stretch w/o being damaged

A

Extensibility

38
Q

Ability to return to original length

A

Elasticity

39
Q

What event cause the release of calcium from the SR into the muscles cell

A

AP

40
Q

What 2 structure are involved in a NMJ

A

Motor neurons

Muscles fibers

41
Q

The forcefulness of a muscle contention depends on the _____ of the sarcomere

A

Length

42
Q

Type of protein that provides a site where a myosin head can attach

A

Tropomyosin

43
Q

During the sliding filaments mechanism which filament is pulled toward the center

A

Actin

44
Q

Sacs that contain the neurotransmitter

A

Synaptic vesicles

45
Q

Region of the NMJ that contains the neurotransmitter receptors

A

Motor end plate

46
Q

Gap which the neurotransmitter is released

A

Synaptic cleft

47
Q

ACh

A

Name of the neurotransmitter involved in a muscle contraction

48
Q

Term for where communication occurs between the structures of a NMJ

A

Synapse

49
Q

Which ion is most important in starting a muscle contraction

A

Ca+

50
Q

List the 4 steps of the contraction cycle

A

ATP hydrolysis the
Formation of cross bridges
Power stroke
Detachment

51
Q

During the sliding filament mechanisms which two regions of a sarcomere change?

A

H zone

A band

52
Q

List 2 things that can cause a muscle contraction to stop

A

ATP depletion

Ca++ depletion

53
Q

List 3 things that affect muscle tension

A

Stretch
Amount of nutrients & O2
Rate of nerve impulses

54
Q

what is AChE

A

Acetylcholinestrase

55
Q

What is AChE function?

A

Breaks down ACh

56
Q

Toxin used for wrinkles

A

Botilum

57
Q

How does botilum toxin interfere with muscle contraction

A

Blocks release of ACh

58
Q

List the 3 different ways in which muscle fibers produce ATP

A

Creative phospate
Anaerobic
Aerobic

59
Q

Number of ATP units produced during Creatine phosphate

A

1

60
Q

Number of ATP units produced during Anaerobic

A

2

61
Q

Number of ATP units produced during Aerobic

A

36

62
Q

List 2 different sources that carry oxygen in muscles tissue

A

Hemoglobin

Myoglobin

63
Q

Sugar in the body is stored in the form of

A

Glycogen

64
Q

List 4 different factors that can contribute to muscle fatigue

A

Lack of Creatine phosphate
Lack of ACh
Lack of ATP
Build up of lactic acid

65
Q

List 4 different byproducts of aerobic respiration

A

CO2
H2O
Heat
ATP

66
Q

Type of sugar found in the blood

A

Glycose

67
Q

Term for the inability of a muscle to maintain the contraction after activity

A

Fatigue

68
Q

Structure that consists of the motor neuron & all the fibers it stimulates

A

Motor unit

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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