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Midterm 5 > Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

What ages include “old age”?

A

anything over 65

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2
Q

Can effects of primary and secondary aging be controlled?

A

primary: no
secondary: yes (results of disease, smoking, etc)

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3
Q

What ages are “young old” and “old old”?

A

young old = 65-74

old old = greater than 75

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4
Q

What country has the most 100+ people?

A

The US; these people handle stress the best

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5
Q

“young old” and “old old” are terms best used to define what kind of age?

A

functional age

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6
Q

What is gerontology?

A

Study of aged and aging process

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7
Q

What is functional age?

A

how well a person functions in a physical and social environment compared with others of the same age (can you do what you need to do)

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8
Q

What is geriatrics?

A

branch of medicine concerned with process of aging and conditions and diseases of old age

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9
Q

Has life expectancy increased or decreased?

A

increased from 66 to 78

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10
Q

By what age do blacks live longer?

A

85

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11
Q

Longevity is greatest in what populations?

A

women, whites, and those in developed countries

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12
Q

T/F: There’s been reduced death rates from diseases that affect older people.

A

true, due to technology and pharmacuedicals

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13
Q

Of the over 100 population, how many are women?

A

80%

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14
Q

How do genetic programming theories explain the causes of aging?

A

they say biological aging is the result of a genetically determined developmental timetable

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15
Q

What is the senescence program theory?

A

We age b/c there’s a switching on and off of certain genes

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16
Q

How does the endocrine theory explain aging?

A

hormones control the pace of aging

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17
Q

How does the immunological theory explain aging?

A

decline in immune fxn leads to increased risk of infection and death

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18
Q

How does the evolutionary theory explain aging?

A

Body deteriorates after the ability to reproduce is gone

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19
Q

How does the variable-rate (error) theory explain aging?

A

cells are damaged from free radicals and wear out; the greater someone’s metabolism, the decreased their lifespan

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20
Q

What are responsible for some age-related disorders?

A

autoimmune diseases, like RA

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21
Q

What have we researched that shows there might not be a biological limit on aging?

A

genetic manipulation and restricted caloric intake

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22
Q

T/F: Changes in body systems follow similar paths.

A

false, they’re highly variable… depends on secondary aging actions too

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23
Q

When do most body systems tank out?

A

Most are functioning fairly well till you get to “old old”

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24
Q

T/F: There becomes less reserve in the heart in late adulthood.

A

True

25
Q

T/F: There are major changes in the brain with aging.

A

false

26
Q

What happens to neurons during aging?

A

neurons shrink or are lost, nervous system is slow

27
Q

T/F: Brain can’t grow any more new neurons or develop new neural pathways later in life.

A

true, can do this if still active

28
Q

What are some physical changes that occur in late adulthood?

A
  • vision and hearing problems
  • age related macular degeneration and glaucoma
  • lost of taste and smell
  • sleep/dream decline
29
Q

What causes glaucoma?

A

pressure on the optic nerve

30
Q

What part of the eye is responsible for clear vision?

A

center of eye

31
Q

Is strength training important in late adulthood?

A

yes

32
Q

What’s a major limitation to nutrition for late adulthood people?

A

losing their teeth

33
Q

What happens to the sexual activity of those in late adulthood?

A

the frequency and intensity generally declines, although they do remain sexually active

34
Q

What percent of older people have chronic conditions?

A

80% have 1, 50% have 2; BUT they don’t limit activities to a great extent

35
Q

What are some examples of chronic conditions older people have?

A

heart disease, cancer, CVA (stroke), diabetes, HTN

36
Q

How much money is spent on health care in last years of life, on average?

A

$70,000

37
Q

Has the proportion of older adults w/ physical disability increased or decreased?

A

decreased, 90% can do ADLs

38
Q

T/F: Most older adults are in good mental health.

A

true

39
Q

Alzheimer’s becomes more prevalent with what? What can slow it?

A

age; behavioral and drug therapy can slow the disease (like index cards with labels on items)

40
Q

What is important when treating Alzheimer’s?

A

early diagnosis is important!!

41
Q

What disease is underdiagnosed for those in late adulthood?

A

depression; especially in elderly men; we expect them to be sadder so we don’t treat it

42
Q

What do the following drugs do to help alzheimers? anticholinergic drugs, memantine, and immunotherapy

A 
anticholinergic = help brain fxn
memantine = blocks receptor
immunotherapy = mixed results
43
Q

How can we diagnose Alzheimer’s?

A

through cognitive tests and CT scans

44
Q

What is the cause of Alzheimer’s?

A

neurofibrillary tangles in your brain; neurons all tied up

45
Q

What intelligence test is given to older adults?

A

Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale: verbal IQ, performance IQ, and total IQ

46
Q

T/F: Crystallized intelligence increases.

A

True: based on knowledge and experience

47
Q

What does Baltes’ dual process model say?

A

Mechanics of intelligence may decline, but pragmatics of intelligence (practicality) continues to grow

48
Q

The slowdown in CNS fxn may affect what?

A

the speed of info processing; but it varies among individuals

49
Q

What does the Seattle Longitudinal Study say about cognitive development?

A

use it or lose it; cog fxn is highly variable; a few ppl decline in all areas of intelligence, but many improve in some

50
Q

Does the ability to solve emotionally charged or interpersonal problems decline?

A

no, still can give advice

51
Q

T/F: There’s considerable plasticity in cognitive performance.

A

true, can benefit from training and even surpass previous attainments

52
Q

Which types of memory are as good as young adults, and which decrease?

A
  • sensory, semantic (long term mem), procedural = good

- working, short term mem and specific memory = bad

53
Q

What may account for much of the decline in memory functioning>

A

neurological changes and declines in perpetual speed

54
Q

Can the brain compensate for some age-related declines in memory? How?

A

yes, by using other regions like 2 lobes instead of one, or by doing memory tasks

55
Q

Metamemory studies have shown what>

A

some older adults may overestimate their memory loss (b/c of stereotypes?)

56
Q

Baltes says what about wisdom and age?

A

says they’re NOT related; people of all ages give wiser responses to people in their own age groups
- you DON’T get wiser with age

57
Q

What are some benefits of lifelong learning?

A

Can keep older people more mentally alert, and older adults learn better when materials/methods are geared to their age group

58
Q

What is program60?

A

take any class for fun for free!

Midterm 5 (3 decks)

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