Chapter 17: Marine Resources Flashcards
do prices often reflect all harmful costs of goods and services to the environment?
no
what are physical resources?
result from the deposition, precipitation, or accumulation of useful substances in the ocean or seabed
what are marine energy resources?
result from the extraction of energy directly from the heat or motion of ocean water
what are biological resources?
living animals and plants collected for human use and animal feed
what are nonextractive resources?
uses of the ocean in place
what are renewable resources?
resources that are naturally replaced by the growth of marine organisms or by natural physical processes
what are nonrenewable resources?
resources that are present in the ocean in fixed amounts and that cannot be replenished over time spans as short as human lifetimes
what are examples of physical resources from the ocean?
hydrocarbon deposits, mineral deposits, salts, manganese nodules, phosphorites, metallic sulfides, freshwater
the United States alone consumes over ___ of the global oil supply
20%
what is the largest known reservoir of hydrocarbons?
methane hydrate
what is fracking?
hydraulic fracturing
uses a pressurized injection of water, sand, and chemicals into existing oil wells to fracture the rock and enhance the productivity of the well by increasing the amount of oil and natural gas that can be recovered
about __ of the world’s table salt is currently produced from seawater by evaporation
1/3
what is potable water?
water suitable for drinking
what is desalination?
the separation of pure water from seawater
about 60% of freshwater is produced how?
reverse osmosis
what is the fastest-growing alternative to oil as an energy source?
wind power
what are the most valuable living marine resources?
fish, crustaceans, and molluscs
which country is the #1 importer of seafood?
United States
what is the maximum sustainable yield?
the maximum amount of each type of fish, crustacean, and mollusc that can be caught without impairing future populations
what is overfishing?
fishing in a manner so that so many fish have been harvested that there is not enough breeding stock left to replenish the species
what is bycatch?
animals unintentionally killed while collecting desirable organisms
what is the most important commercial marine product?
algin
what is aquaculture?
the growing or farming of plants and animals in any water environment under controlled conditions
where does most aquaculture occur?
China
aquaculture production currently accounts for almost ____ of all fish consumed by humans
half
what is mariculture?
the farming of marine organisms, usually in estuaries, bays, or nearshore environments or in specially designed structures using circulated seawater
modern medical researchers estimate that perhaps ___ of all marine organisms are likely to yield clinically useful ingredients
10%
what is the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone?
the United States’ own 200-nautical-mile region in which the states unilaterally claimed sovereign rights and jurisdiction over all marine resources
