Chapter 17: Defining Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What is a psychological disorder?
An ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behaviour that cause s significant distress, and that is considered deviant in that person’s culture or society.
What is the bio-psycho-social model of illness?
A way of understanding disorder that assumes disorder is caused by biological, psychological, and social factors.
What does the biological component of the bio-psycho-social model refer to?
The influences on disorder that come from the functioning of the individual’s body. Particularly important are genetic characteristics that make some people more vulnerable to a disorder than others and the influence of neurotransmitters.
What does the psychological component of the bio-psycho-social model refer to?
The influences that come from the individual, such as patterns of negative thinking and stress responses.
What does the social component of the bio-psycho-social model refer to?
The influence on disorder due to social and cultural factors such as socioeconomic status, homelessness, abuse, and discrimination.
When does comorbidity occur?
When people who suffer from one disorder also suffer at the same time from other disorders.
What is a stigma?
A stigma refers to a disgrace or defect that indicates that a person belongs to a culturally devalued social group.
What is the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)?
A document that provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
What are anxiety disorders?
Psychological disturbances marked by irrational fears, often of everyday objects and situations.
What is a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A psychological disorder diagnosed in situations in which a person has been excessively worrying about money, health, work, family life, or relationships for at least 6 months, and when the anxiety causes significant distress and dysfunction.
What are the physical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
Irritability, sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, muscle aches, trembling, perspiration, and hot flashes.
What is panic disorder?
A psychological disorder characterized by sudden attacks of anxiety and terror that have led to significant behaviour changes in the person’s life.
What are the symptoms of a panic attack?
Shortness of breath, heart palpitations, trembling, dizziness, choking sensations, nausea, and an intense feeling of dread or impending doom.
What is a phobia?
A specific fear of a certain object, situation, or activity.
What is social phobia?
Extreme shyness around people or discomfort in social situations.
What is agoraphobia?
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help might not be available.