Chapter 17: Community Structure Flashcards
The group of species that occupy a given area, interacting either directly or indirectly.
Community
The number of species occurring within the community.
Species richness
The percentage each species contributes to the total number of individuals of all species.
Relative abundance
A curve that compares patterns of species richness and abundance between communities where relative abundance for each species is plotted against rank.
Rank-abundance diagram
A measure of how evenly individuals among species are distributed.
Species evenness
These consider both the number and relative abundance of species within the community.
Diversity indexes
This index measure the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species.
Simpson’s index (D)
The value of D for Simpson’s index ranges between ___ and ___.
Zero and one.
When there is only one species present, the value of H for the Shannon diversity index is ___.
Zero
When a single or few species predominate within a community, those species are called ___.
Dominants
The converse of diversity is ___.
Dominance
In the Shannon diversity index, a value of 1 for D represents ___.
Complete dominance
A species that has a disproportionate impact on the community relative to its abundance.
Keystone species
A descriptive diagram representing the flow of food energy from prey to predator.
Food chain
These species feed on no other species but are fed on by others.
Basal species
These species feed on other species and are also prey of other species.
Intermediate species
These species are not subject to predators and prey on intermediate and basal species.
Top predators
Feeding groups based on consumption of plant tissues, animal tissues, or both are called ___.
Trophic levels
Trophic levels divided into groups of species that exploit the same resources are called ___.
Guilds
Groups of species based on their common response to the environment, life history characteristics, or role within the community are called ___.
Functional types
Classification of plants based on their photosynthetic pathway (C3, C4, and CAM) is an example of ___.
Functional types
This index measures the similarity between two areas or sample plots based on species composition.
Sorensen’s coefficient of community.
The organismic concept of communities was developed by ___.
Clements
This view of communities states that they are like organisms, with each species representing an interacting, integrated component of the whole.
Organismic concept of communities
The individualistic concept of communities was developed by ___.
Gleason
This view of communities states that the relationship between coexisting species within a community is due to similarities within their requirements and tolerances, not due to strong interactions or common evolutionary history.
Individualistic/continuum concept
