Chapter 17 - Blood

Question 1

List the 5 functions of blood

Answer 1

1) Transport (gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones), 2) regulate pH and ions, 3) restrict fluid loss (clotting temporarily patches fluid/blood loss), 4) infection defense (WBCs and anitbodies), 5) thermoregulation (transport heat to the skin or keep it away from the skin)

Question 2

What is whole blood composed of?

Answer 2

plasma, hematocrit

Question 3

What is the dominant protein in plasma?

Answer 3

albumin

Question 4

What makes up 90% of plasma?

Answer 4

water

Question 5

What makes up 7% of plasma?

Answer 5

plasma protiens

Question 6

What are the cells designed to become RBC?

Answer 6

myeloid stem cells

Question 7

Name the cells that are produced during each day of RBC development

Answer 7

Day 1 - Proerythroblasts
Day 2 -Basophilic erythroblasts
Day 3 - Polychromatophilic erythroblasts
Day 4 - Normablasts
Day 6/7 - Reticuloytes

Question 8

What do macrophages do?

Answer 8

monitor and engulf RBC before they hemolyze

Question 9

What is hemoblogin?

Answer 9

a globular protein that binds O2

Question 10

What are the components of RBC?

Answer 10

Iron, globular proteins, heme unit

Question 11

What is released from macrophages binds to albumin and is transported to the liver for excretion in bile?

Answer 11

bilirubin

Question 12

What is jaundice and how does it occur?

Answer 12

the liver can’t convert bilirubin so the bilirubin levels increase which causes yellowing of the skin

Question 13

Describe the RBC process from the liver to the large intestine

Answer 13

bilirubin is excreted in bile and bacteria converts it to urobilins and stercobilins which is eliminated in the feces

Question 14

What does the kidney excrete during RBC production?

Answer 14

hemoglobins and urobilins

Question 15

5 properties of WBCs

Answer 15

1. short life span
2. circulate briefly
3. diapedesis
4. positive chemotaxis
5. Only neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes can phagocytize pathogens, cell debris

Question 16

What is diapedesis?

Answer 16

Emigration out of the bloodstream by squeezing through blood vessel walls

Question 17

Granular leukocytes

Example?

Answer 17

Contain lots of cytoplasmic granules
(secretory vesicles and lysosomes) that absorb histological stains

Ex - Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils

Question 18

Agranular leukocytes

Examples?

Answer 18

Smaller secretory vesicles and lysosomes that do NOT absorb stains

Examples: Monocytes, Lymphocytes

Question 19

Hemostasis

Answer 19

Responsible for stopping blood loss
Establishes framework for tissue repair
Complex, overlapping cascade of events

Question 20

What stimulates platelet aggregation and secretion?

Answer 20

adenosine diphosphate

Question 21

What are three phases of blood clotting?

Answer 21

1. Vascular phase
2. Platelet Phase
3. Coagulation phase

Question 22

What ion is require platelet aggregation and several steps in the clotting process?

Answer 22

calcium ion