Chapter 17: anesthetic and analgesic drugs Flashcards
what are phenothiazine tranquilizers that reduce anxiety and cause muscular relaxation? these are sedatives NOT analgesics
Acepromazine(also called acetylpromazine and chlorpromazine
what is one of the physiologic effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers, which cause the dilation of blood vessels in the extremities (legs, feet, and ears)
peripheral vasodilation
what are Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist that are sedatives that also have analgesic properties?
Xylazine and dexmedetomidine
What is an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist that can be administered to reverse the effects of medetomidine and dexmedetomidine?
Atipamezole
what drug can be used to reserve the effects of xylazine?
yohimbine
what are drugs called when they are used to reverse the effects of an alpha-2 agonist and help the animal recover more quickly from anesthesia once a surgery is completed?
reversal agent
what are Benzodiazepine tranquilizers used to produce minimal tranquilization and sedation? they do not have analgesic properties
Diazepam and midazolam
in which animals is is more common to use Benzodiazepines?
large animals, such as sheep, dogs, and NHP
what are common anticholinergics that block the effects of many anesthetics to release acetylcholine in the heart and secretory glands?
Atropine and glycopyrrolate
anticholinergics prevent excessive secretion from the salivary glands and the glands that line the upper respiratory tract which helps to prevent what?
accidental choking while the animal is anesthetized
anticholinergics cause what which may be helpful to counteract the depressant effects on the heart by other drugs in the anesthesia regimen?
increased heart rate
what drug is less likely to cause a cardiac arrhythmias than atropine?
Glycopyrrolate
which animal is it preferred to use glycopyrrolate because they have an enzyme(atropinase) in the blood which metabolizes atropine?
Rabbits
what are opioids commonly referred to?
narcotics
which drugs produce analgesic effects by interacting with specific receptors in the central nervous system?
opioids
all opioids are controlled substances regulated by who?
DEA
what kind of drug type is morphine?
opioids
what animal does morphine cause to vomit and defecate
dogs
which animals does morphine cause to have tremors and convulsions
cats and mice
which drugs produce less respiratory depression than morphine and virtually no cardiac depression? they are significantly more potent than morphine and have a longer duration of action
oxymorphone and hydromorphone
which drug is an opioid analgesic that is commonly used for some species because it is available in a transdermal patch in addition to the injectable form given IM or IV
Fentanyl
which opioid is widely used in research, effective and safe over many species, has a long duration of action however for animals with rapid metabolism (mice) the duration is only 3 to 5 hours
buprenorphine
what drugs are opioid analgesics, which reverse their action. these are typically used when the animal is experiencing excess CNS and respiratory depression caused by the opioid
nalorphine and naloxone
what type of drug are important analgesics to give with opioids or an alternatives for less severe pain, not controlled substances, do not cause depression of the central nervous system
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)
