Chapter 17: Amino Acids (continued 2)

Question 1

What are some conditions that increase direct bilirubin?

Answer 1

• hepatic damage
• bile duct obstruction (clay-colored stools)
• Dubin-Johnson (black pigmentation in liver)
• rotor syndrome

Question 2

What are conditions that increase indirect bilirubin?

Answer 2

• hemolysis
• Crigler-Najjar syndromes
• Gilbert syndrome
• Low levels of conjugation enzymes in newborn
• hepatic damage

Question 3

What are histiocytes?

Answer 3

a normal immune cell that is found in many parts of the body especially in the bone marrow, the blood stream, the skin, the liver, the lungs, the lymph glands and the spleen

Question 4

What type of cells in the spleen metabolize heme?

Answer 4

histiocytes

Question 5

Production of biliverdin releases what compound?

Answer 5

CO carbon monoxide

Question 6

What is the deficiency in porphyria cutanea tarda?

Answer 6

uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase deficiency

Question 7

What is the deficiency in acute intermittent porphyria?

Answer 7

porophobilinogen deaminase or hydroxymethylbilane synthase deficiency

Question 8

What is Dubin Johnson syndrome pathology?

Answer 8

black pigmentation of liver because of mutation of intrahepatic bile duct membrane proteins > dec. bilirubin excretion and,

increased conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 9

What is Rotor syndrome pathology?

Answer 9

defect in bile excretion > conjugated hyperbilirubinemia similar to Dubin Johnson syndrome but milder and there is not black liver