chapter 17 Flashcards
Allergic hypersensitivity
Over-response of the body to a specific substance
Direct toxicity
Results in tissue damage
Indirect toxicity
Manifested as a new infection as a result of killing the normal flora in the intestines/ mucous membrane
Aminoglycosides are used to treat what?
Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria
Cephalosporins are used to treat what?
Skin infections, tissue infections, UTIs
Macrolides are used to treat what?
Infections of the respiratory tract
Penicillins are used to treat what?
infective endocarditis prophylaxis in dental procedures and used to treat ear infections
Carbapenems are used to treat what?
pneumonia
Quinolones are used to treat what?
Infections of the urinary tract
Tetracyclines are used to treat what?
Skin and skin structure infections
Metronidazole is a synthetic antibacterial & antiprotozoal agent that is effective against protozoa. Name five disease conditions that this medication is used to treat.
Anaerobic bacterial infections Crohn’s disease Antibiotic-associated diarrhea H. pylori infection Amebiasis and giardiasis
Provide the trade name:
Flagyl
Name (Trade name) the medication used for the treatment of UTIs:
Bactrim
A urinary tract infection (UTI
is the result of microorganisms in the urinary tract, and one of the most common bacterial infections in which one seeks treatment.
Name a first-line medication used for treatment of uncomplicated lower UTI.
Bactrim, Bactrim DS
Name two medication most commonly used for initial or recurrent UTIs caused by susceptible organisms.
Nitrofurantoin(Macrobid and Macrodantin)
The antiviral medication acyclovir is primarily to treat what?
Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella zoster
What is Zostavax used to treat?
shingles
A class of antivirals (neuraminidase inhibitors) are used to treat what?
Uncomplicated acute illness caused by influenza types A and B
Name 2 of these medications from this class of antivirals:
Tamiflu and Relenza
What is the best method for preventing the spread of infection?
observe routine handwashing
An over-response of the body to a specific substance is called?
Allergic Hypersensitivity
A sudden onset of dyspnea, chest congestion, shock, and collapse is called?
Anaphylaxis
When administering an anti-infective drug to an older patient, which of the following may be indicated for safe treatment?
a lower dose
The best treatment for herpes zoster (shingles) will start within how many hours of the onset of the blister-like rash?
24-72hrs
The physician orders an antibiotic to be given to a patient before surgery. What is this type of dosing called?
Prophylactic
Caution needs to be exercised when prescribing a cephalosporin to a patient with which known allergy?
Penicillin
Which medication category may cause discolored teeth in young children?
Tetracyclines
What medication is used to treat oral cavity candidiasis?
Nystatin
A patient receiving zanamivir might experience which side effect?
Rash
The drug of choice for treating methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus is?
Vancomycin
A patient taking an antiretroviral should be instructed that?
The drug reduces the risk of HIV transmission to other individuals
What side effect might protease inhibitors cause?
Exacerbation of existing diabetes.
