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introduction to pharmacology > chapter 17 > Flashcards

chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic hypersensitivity

A

Over-response of the body to a specific substance

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2
Q

Direct toxicity

A

Results in tissue damage

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3
Q

Indirect toxicity

A

Manifested as a new infection as a result of killing the normal flora in the intestines/ mucous membrane

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides are used to treat what?

A

Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria

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5
Q

Cephalosporins are used to treat what?

A

Skin infections, tissue infections, UTIs

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6
Q

Macrolides are used to treat what?

A

Infections of the respiratory tract

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7
Q

Penicillins are used to treat what?

A

infective endocarditis prophylaxis in dental procedures and used to treat ear infections

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8
Q

Carbapenems are used to treat what?

A

pneumonia

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9
Q

Quinolones are used to treat what?

A

Infections of the urinary tract

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10
Q

Tetracyclines are used to treat what?

A

Skin and skin structure infections

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11
Q

Metronidazole is a synthetic antibacterial & antiprotozoal agent that is effective against protozoa. Name five disease conditions that this medication is used to treat.

A 
Anaerobic bacterial infections
Crohn’s disease
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
H. pylori infection
Amebiasis and giardiasis
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12
Q

Provide the trade name:

A

Flagyl

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13
Q

Name (Trade name) the medication used for the treatment of UTIs:

A

Bactrim

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14
Q

A urinary tract infection (UTI

A

is the result of microorganisms in the urinary tract, and one of the most common bacterial infections in which one seeks treatment.

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15
Q

Name a first-line medication used for treatment of uncomplicated lower UTI.

A

Bactrim, Bactrim DS

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16
Q

Name two medication most commonly used for initial or recurrent UTIs caused by susceptible organisms.

A

Nitrofurantoin(Macrobid and Macrodantin)

17
Q

The antiviral medication acyclovir is primarily to treat what?

A

Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella zoster

18
Q

What is Zostavax used to treat?

A

shingles

19
Q

A class of antivirals (neuraminidase inhibitors) are used to treat what?

A

Uncomplicated acute illness caused by influenza types A and B

20
Q

Name 2 of these medications from this class of antivirals:

A

Tamiflu and Relenza

21
Q

What is the best method for preventing the spread of infection?

A

observe routine handwashing

22
Q

An over-response of the body to a specific substance is called?

A

Allergic Hypersensitivity

23
Q

A sudden onset of dyspnea, chest congestion, shock, and collapse is called?

A

Anaphylaxis

24
Q

When administering an anti-infective drug to an older patient, which of the following may be indicated for safe treatment?

A

a lower dose

25
Q

The best treatment for herpes zoster (shingles) will start within how many hours of the onset of the blister-like rash?

A

24-72hrs

26
Q

The physician orders an antibiotic to be given to a patient before surgery. What is this type of dosing called?

A

Prophylactic

27
Q

Caution needs to be exercised when prescribing a cephalosporin to a patient with which known allergy?

A

Penicillin

28
Q

Which medication category may cause discolored teeth in young children?

A

Tetracyclines

29
Q

What medication is used to treat oral cavity candidiasis?

A

Nystatin

30
Q

A patient receiving zanamivir might experience which side effect?

A

Rash

31
Q

The drug of choice for treating methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus is?

A

Vancomycin

32
Q

A patient taking an antiretroviral should be instructed that?

A

The drug reduces the risk of HIV transmission to other individuals

33
Q

What side effect might protease inhibitors cause?

A

Exacerbation of existing diabetes.

introduction to pharmacology (5 decks)

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