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introduction to pharmacology > Chapter 14: Antineoplastic Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Antineoplastic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasm

A

new cell growth

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2
Q

Tumors can be classified as either

A

benign or malignant

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3
Q

Antineoplastic drugs are used to treat

A

tumors; counteracting the development, growth, or spread of malignant cells, and therefore treats various types of cancers

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4
Q

cancer therapy usually includes a combo of

A

surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy

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5
Q

name five types of tissues affected by antineoplastic drugs

A
  1. bone marrow
  2. GI epithelium
  3. skin
  4. hair follicles
  5. white blood cells
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6
Q

Name the 9 major groups of antineoplastic agents.

A
  1. antimetabolites
  2. alkylating agents
  3. mitotic inhibitors
  4. antitumor antibiotics
  5. hormones and hormone modifiers
  6. biological therapies
  7. targeted cancer therapies
  8. vaccines
  9. radioactive isotopes
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7
Q

palliative

A

Alleviation of symptoms

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8
Q

proliferation/proliferating

A

Reproducing rapidly

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9
Q

immunosuppressive

A

Suppression of body’s immune system

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10
Q

cytotoxic

A

Destructive to cells

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11
Q

leukopenia

A

Abnormal decrease in blood platelets

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12
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

Low blood platelet count

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13
Q

alopecia

A

Condition that causes hair loss

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14
Q

necrosis

A

Death of body tissue

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15
Q

phototoxicity

A

Sensitivity to sunlight/ other forms of light

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16
Q

intrathecal

A

Injection into the spinal canal

17
Q

name two injectable antimetabolites

A
  1. methotrexate 2.fluorouracil
18
Q

Methotrexate is also available orally and has been used to treat other conditions. Name two.

A
  1. lupus

2. severe, resistant cases of psoriasis

19
Q

Alkylating Agents are used in the treatment of a wide range of cancers. These medications prevent cell growth by damaging DNA. Name two alkylating agents:

A

1.cisplatin 2. cyclophosphamide

20
Q

Mitotic Inhibitors are often plant alkaloids and other compounds derived from natural products that block cell division and reproduction (mitosis). Name two mitotic inhibitors.

A
  1. Plant Alkaloids 2. Taxanes
21
Q

List two conditions that can result from using mitotic inhibitors.

A
  1. neurotoxicity

2. severe constipation

22
Q

What happens if mitotic inhibitors are injected intrathecally?

A

its fatal and must not be used

23
Q

Antitumor Antibiotics are used to treat a wide variety of malignancies. Which medication is considered the most active chemotherapy agent?

A

Doxorubicin

24
Q

Name three types of cancers can benefit from Doxorubicin

A
  1. breast
  2. lung
  3. gastric
25
Q

Which vital organ can be permanently damaged if a maximum lifetime dose is reached?

A

heart

26
Q

Hormones used in the treatment of cancer include:

A

corticosteroids (Example: antiestrogen)

27
Q

Hormones used in the treatment of cancer include:

A

antiestrogens (Example: tamoxifen (binds to estrogen receptors on various tissues))

28
Q

Biological Therapies

A

are designed to repair, stimulate, or enhance cancer patients’ natural immune system to recognize and attach cancer cells.

29
Q

the type of biological therapy that is most widely used in cancer treatments:

A

Interferon alfa (Intron A)

30
Q

Colony-Stimulating Factors

A

usually do not directly affect tumor cells, but encourage bone marrow stem cells to develop into red blood cells.

31
Q

Name two of these medications:

A
  1. Epogen 2. Procrit
32
Q

What does exogenous mean?

A

Outside of body

33
Q

Name two MAB medications:

A
  1. Bevacizumab (Avastin) 2. trastuzumab (Herceptin)
34
Q

One of the newer and largest groupings of targeted therapy drugs are called:

A

STIs

35
Q

There are two broad types of cancer vaccines:

A
  1. preventive (or prophylactic) 2. treatment (or therapeutic)
36
Q

Name the agent that is administered by mouth to treat thyroid cancer.

A

Radioactive sodium iodine

introduction to pharmacology (5 decks)

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