Chapter 17 Flashcards
Intended to protect the members against aggression
United Nations
Represented Europe’s division between a mostly democratic Western Europe and a communist Eastern Europe
Iron curtain
Policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and preventing the expansion of communism
Containment
Would provide food, machines, and other materials
Marshall Plan
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO
Soviet Alliance System in 1955 as part of their own containment policy
Warsaw Pact
Willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war
Brinkmanship
Soviet sentenced Francis gray powers to ten years in prison after capturing him in the war/ brought mistrust and tensions between the superpowers
U-2 Incident
Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism
Truman Doctrine
The leader that the communists communists held a stronghold in northwestern China
Mao ZeDong
Leader where nationalist forces dominated southwestern China
Jiang Jieshi
Larger collective farms
Communes
High school and college students who responded to Mao’s call
Red Guards
Red Guards major revolution/ goal= to Establish a society of Peasants and workers and workers in which we’re all equal
Cultural Revolution
A lone that crosses Korea at 38 degrees north latitude
38th parallel
General who led 15 nations into Korea to stop the invasion
Douglas MacArthur
Young Vietnamese nationalist that turned to the communist for help
Ho Chi Minh
US President Eisenhower described the threat
Domino theory
Leader who France built an anti-communist Government
Ngo Dinh Diem
Communist guerrillas
Vietcong
Allowed for US troops to gradually pull out, while the South Vietnamese increased their combat role
Vietnamization
Communist rebels who set up a brutal government government under the leadership of Pol Pot
Khmer Rouge
Consisted of developing nations who were not aligned with either superpower
3rd World
Independent nations
Nonaligned Nations
Led the revolution that overthrew Batista
Fidel Castro
Funded the Nicaraguan dictatorship of…
Anastacio Somoza
Sandinistas leader
Daniel Ortega
Embraced western government and wealthy western oil companies
Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
Leader of the group that opposed what they saw as socially and morally corrupting western influences
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Dominant Soviet leader in 1953
Nikita Khrushchev
Purging t country of Stalin’s memory
Destalinization
Quickly adopted repressive domestic policies
Leonid Brezhnev
President during the 1960’s
John F. Kennedy
Policy of lessened Cold War tensions
Detente
Assumed US presidency after JFK was shot
Lyndon Johnson
Replaced brinkmanship
Richard M. Nixon
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
SALT
Took office in 1981
Ronald Reagan
Why did some Americans oppose the Truman Doctrine?
Didn’t want US to interfere with other nations “problems”, lacked the resources to carry in a global crusade against communism
How did the Soviet union respond to the US policy of brinkmanship?
They made their own collection of bombs
Which sides did the superpowers support in the Chinese internal struggle for control of the country?
US helped Taiwan set up a nationalist government
Soviets gave China financial support
2 superpowers divided up Korea into a soviet supported Communist north and a US-supported South
What were the results of Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution?
GLF- poor planning and inefficient “backyard” industries hampered growth, crop failures unleashed famine that killed 20 million people
CR-closed down factories and threatened farm production, civil war seemed possible, thousand of people executed or jailed by the red guard
What effects did the Korean War have in Korea’s land and people?
Remained divided into 2 countries/ killed 5 million soldiers and civilian deaths
South korea- massive aid from US and prospered, concentrated on industry and boosting foreign trade
North Korea- communist, established collective farms, built countries military power, developed nuclear weapons, economy struggled shortage of food and energy
What major difficulties did the US Army face in fighting the war in Vietnam?
First, they were fighting a guerilla was in unfamiliar jungle terrain. Second, the South Vietnamese government they were supporting was becoming unpopular. At the same time, Soviet supported Vietcong grew.
Why did developing nations often align themselves with one or the other superpower?
They provide military aid, build schools, set up programs to combat poverty, and sent volunteer workers to developing nations
How did the Soviet Union respond to the US-supported pay of pigs invasion?
They built 42 missile sits in Cuba as a threat to the US because of the failure of the bay of pigs
In what ways did Soviet actions hamper Eastern Europe’s economic recovery after WW2?
They had to develop industries to meet the Soviets “needs” so they couldn’t focus on their own economies
What policies characterized realpolitik and how did they affect the course of the Cold War?
The policies were to give up these long systems of fear, and bring them back together. Realpolitik helped ease Cold War tensions.
