Chapter 17

Question 1

International organization that was intended to protect members against aggression: consisted of 48 countries

Answer 1

United Nations

Question 2

Boundary separating the communist nations of Eastern Europe from the mostly Democratic nations of Western Europe

Answer 2

Iron curtain

Question 3

A policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and preventing the expansion of communism

Answer 3

Containment

Question 4

Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism

Answer 4

Truman Doctrine

Question 5

U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after WWII

Answer 5

Marshall Plan

Question 6

A defensive military alliance formed in 1914 by ten Western European nations, the United States and Canada

Answer 6

NATO

Question 7

Alliance system in 1955 included Soviet Union, Poland, east Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania

Answer 7

Warsaw Pact

Question 8

The state of diplomatic hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union in the decade following WWII

Answer 8

Cold War

Question 9

Willingness to go it the brink, or edge of war

Answer 9

Brinkmanship

Question 10

The shooting down of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960

Answer 10

U-2 incident

Question 11

Leader who led the communist party to hold northwestern China

Answer 11

Mao Zedong

Question 12

Nationalist, formally named Chiang Kai-shek, dominated southwestern China

Answer 12

Jiang Jieshi

Question 13

Larger collective farms

Answer 13

Communes

Question 14

High school and college students who formed militia units

Answer 14

Red Guard

Question 15

1966-1967 uprising in China led by red guard wuththe goal of establishing a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

Answer 15

Cultural Revolution

Question 16

Line that crosses Korea at 38 degrees north latitude

Answer 16

38th parallel

Question 17

General under 15 Nations to force Korea to the invasion

Answer 17

Douglas MacArthur

Question 18

Young Vietnamese nationalists who turned to the communist party for his struggles.

Answer 18

Ho Chi Minh

Question 19

The idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control

Answer 19

Domino theory

Question 20

France set up an anti-communist government under the leadership of…

Answer 20

Ngo Dinh Dien

Question 21

Communist guerrillas

Answer 21

Vietcong

Question 22

Nixon’s plan that allowed for U.S. troops to gradually pull out, while Vietnamese increased their combat role

Answer 22

Vietnamization

Question 23

Communist rebels

Answer 23

Khmer Rouge

Question 24

Consisted of developing nations, often newly independent, who were not aligned with either superpower

Answer 24

Third World

Question 25

Independent countries that remained neutral in the Cold War competition between the United States and the Soviet Union

Answer 25

Nonaligned Nations

Question 26

Young lawyer who led the Cuban Revolution

Answer 26

Fidel Castro

Question 27

Nicaraguan dictatorship of... | since 1933

Answer 27

Anastasio Somoza

Question 28

Sandinistas leader

Answer 28

Daniel Ortega

Question 29

Iran’s leader after WWII

Answer 29

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

Question 30

The leader of the religious opposition in Iran

Answer 30

Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

Question 31

After Stalin’s death a loyal member of the communist party became the dominant leader whose name was...

Answer 31

Nikita Khrushchev

Question 32

Who became leader of the communist party after Khrushchev was removed from power?

Answer 32

Leonid Brezhnev

Question 33

President who was assassinated

Answer 33

John F. Kennedy

Question 34

Person who assumed presidency after the assassination of JFK

Answer 34

Lyndon Johnson

Question 35

A policy of lessened Cold War tensions

Answer 35

Détente

Question 36

U.S. president who replaced detente was realpolitik

Answer 36

Richard M. Nixon

Question 37

A series of meetings in the 1970s, in which leaders of the United States and Soviet Union agree to limit stocks of nuclear weapons

Answer 37

SALT

Question 38

Anti-Communist U.S. president who took office in 1981. Announced SDI program.

Answer 38

Ronald Reagan

Question 39

A program to protect the US against attack by enemy missiles, proposed in 1983 by Reagan but never implemented formally known as SDI

Answer 39

Star Wars

Question 40

Why did some Americans oppose the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 40

Didn't want to get into other countries affairs, some believed we lacked resources and other support

Question 41

How did the Soviet Union respond to the U.S. policy of brinkmanship?

Answer 41

Made their own collection of nuclear bombs.

Question 42

Which sides did the superpowers support in the Chinese internal struggle for control of the country?

Answer 42

United States supported Nationalists and Jiang Jeishi. The Soviet Union supported Mao Zedong and the Communists.

Question 43

What were the results of Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution?

Answer 43

Both the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution failed greatly. They failed to create a powerful socialistic state, and their production rates went down.

Question 44

What effect did the Korean War have on Korea’s land and people?

Answer 44

After three years of fighting, the border between the two Koreas was set near the 38th parallel, almost where it had been before the war. Approximately 5 million soldiers and civilians died in the war.

Question 45

What major difficulties did the U.S. Army face in fighting the war in Vietnam?

Answer 45

First, they were fighting a guerilla was in unfamiliar jungle terrain. Second, the South Vietnamese government they were supporting was becoming unpopular. At the same time, Soviet supported Vietcong grew.

Question 46

Why did developing nations often align themselves with one or the other superpower?

Answer 46

They needed financial aid to help industrialize, and political aid to build government.

Question 47

How did the Soviet Union respond to the U.S.- supported Bay of Pigs invasion?

Answer 47

They put 42 missiles in Cuba.

Question 48

In what ways did Soviet actions hamper eastern Europe’s economic recovery after WWII?

Answer 48

The Soviet Union kept a tight grip on the European countries. It did not allow them to direct and develop their own economies. Instead, they had to develop industries to meet Soviet needs.

Question 49

What policies characterized realpolitik and how did they affect the course of the Cold War?

Answer 49

The policies were to give up these long systems of fear, and bring them back together. Realpolitik helped ease Cold War tensions.