Chapter 17

Question 1

Ruhr Valley

Answer 1

Germany’s chief industrial and mining region

Question 2

Dawes Plan

Answer 2

reduced Germany’s reparation payments and coordinated them with Germany’s ability to pay

Question 3

Treaty of Locarno

Answer 3

guaranteed Germany’s western border with France and Belgium

Question 4

Kellog-Briand Pact

Answer 4

sixty-three nations signed an agreement to renounce war, but nothing was said about what would happen if anybody went to war

Question 5

depression

Answer 5

period of low economic activity and rising unemployment

Question 6

Weimar Republic

Answer 6

democratic government that governed Germany from the end of WWI to the rise of Hitler

Question 7

collective bargaining

Answer 7

the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours

Question 8

John Maynard Keynes

Answer 8

British economist that believed that during recessions governments should put people to work on public works projects to stimulate demand

Question 9

deficit spending

Answer 9

occurs when the government spends more money than it collects in taxes

Question 10

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Answer 10

President of the U.S. during the Great Depression that pushed New Deal policy through Congress

Question 11

New Deal

Answer 11

various legislation passed in the U.S. during the Great Depression to stimulate economic growth

Question 12

totalitarian state

Answer 12

government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens

Question 13

fascism

Answer 13

politial philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central governmment led by a dictatorial ruler

Question 14

Benito Mussolini

Answer 14

Fascist leader of Italy from 1922-1943

Question 15

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Answer 15

economic plan of modified capitalism instituted by Lenin to grow the Soviet economy

Question 16

Politburo

Answer 16

the Communist Party’s main policy-making body

Question 17

Jospeh Stalin

Answer 17

Dictator of the USSR from 1928-1953; responible for the deaths of millions

Question 18

Five-Year Plans

Answer 18

economic goals set by the Soviet government

Question 19

Collectivization

Answer 19

system in which private farms are eliminated and pooled into government owned farms worked by the peasants

Question 20

Francisco Franco

Answer 20

Dictator of Spain from 1936-1975

Question 21

Adolf Hitler

Answer 21

Dictator of Germany from 1933-1945; responsible for WWII and the Holocaust

Question 22

Nazi

Answer 22

National Socialist German Workers’ Party

Question 23

Reichstag

Answer 23

the German parliament

Question 24

Enabling Act

Answer 24

allowed Hitler to rule as a dictator by ignoring the constitution

Question 25

concentration camps

Answer 25

prison camps for those that opposed the Nazi regime

Question 26

Heinrich Himmler

Answer 26

leader of the SS

Question 27

Kristallnacht

Answer 27

"night of the broken glass" Nazi burning of synagoges and Jewish shops on November 9, 1938 in retalliation for the death of a German diplomat in Paris

Question 28

Nuremberg Laws

Answer 28

laws that defined who was a Jew and therefore open to discrimination and persecution