Chapter 17 Flashcards
activities of daily living
ADLs
basic self-care tasks required to live on one’s own, such as bathing, dressing getting in and out of bed or a chair, or eating
Alzheimer’s disease
the most common for of dementia, in which structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with gradual loss of many aspects of thought and behavior
amyloid plaques
dense deposits of a deteriorated protein called amyloid, surrounded by clumps of dead nerve and glial cells, develop.
assisted living
a homelike housing arrangement for seniors who require more care than can be provided at home but less than is usually provided in nursing homes
assistive technology
an array of devices that permit people with disabilities to improve their functioning
associative memory deficit
difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information
autoimmune response
when the immune system is more likely to malfunction by turning against normal body tissue
average healthy life expectancy
the number of years a person born in a particular year can expect to live in full health, without disease or injury
average life expectancy
the number of years that an individual born in a particular year can expect to live, starting at any given age
cataracts
cloudy areas in the lens resulting in foggy vision and (without surgery) eventual blindness
cerebrovascular dementia
a series of strokes leaves areas of dead brain cells, producing step-by-step degeneration of mental ability, with each step occurring abruptly after a stroke.
compression of morbidity
the public health goal of wanting the average period of diminished vigor before death - especially the number of months or years of ill-heal and suffering - to decrease
dementia
a set of disorders occurring almost entirely in old age in which many aspects of thought and behavior are so impaired that everyday activities are disrupted.
frality
involves weakened functioning of diverse organs and body systems, yielding symptoms that profoundly interfere with everyday competence.
functional age
actual competence and performance
implicit memory
memory without conscious awareness
instrumental activities of daily living
IADLs
tasks necessary to conduct the business of daily life and also requiring some cognitive competence, such as telephoning, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping and paying bills
mascular degeneration
when light-sensitive cells in the macula, or central region of the retina, break down, older adults may develop this condition in which central vision blurs and gradually is lost
maximum lifespan
species-specific biological limit to length of life, corresponding to the age at which the oldest known individual died
neurofibrillary tangles
bundles of twisted threads that are the product of collapsed neural structures and that contain abnormal forms of a protein called tau
osteoarthritis
the most common type which involves deteriorating cartilage on the ends of bones of frequently used joints
primary aging
biological aging, or genetically influenced declines that affect all members of our species and take place even in the context of overall good health
prospective memory
refers to remembering to engage in planned actions in the future
reminiscence bump
a heightened autobiographical memory among remote events recalled using either word-cue or time-line procedures, most happened between ages 10 and 30
remote memory
very long term recall
rheumatoid arthritis
involves the whole body. An autoimmune response leads to inflammation of connective tissue, particularly the membranes that line the joints, resulting in overall stiffness, inflammation, and aching.
secondary aging
when health declines due to hereditary defects and negative environmental influences
selective optimization with compensation
narrowing their goals, they select personally valued activities to optimize returns from their diminishing energy. They also find new ways to compensate for losses
sleep apnea
a condition in which breathing ceases for 10 sec or longer, resulting in many brief awakenings
terminal decline
acceleration in deterioration of cognitive functioning prior to death
wisdom
expertise in the conduct and meaning of life
