Chapter 17

Question 1

criticizing an opponent rather than the opponent’s argument

Answer 1

Attack on a Person

Question 2

equating popularity with truth and proof

Answer 2

Bandwagon Fallacy

Question 3

treating an opinion that is open to question as if it were already proved

Answer 3

Building on an Unproven Assumption

Question 4

degree to which a speaker is perceived to be believable, trustworthy, and competent

Answer 4

Credibility

Question 5

reasoning from a generalization to a specific conclusion

Answer 5

Deduction

Question 6

presenting only two alternatives when in fact more exist

Answer 6

Either-or Fallacy

Question 7

the facts, examples, statistics, testimony, and other information that support an assertion

Answer 7

Evidence

Question 8

an argument based on a false inference

Answer 8

Fallacy

Question 9

creating a comparison that is exaggerated or erroneous

Answer 9

False Analogy

Question 10

assuming that because two events are related in time, the first caused the second

Answer 10

False Cause

Question 11

a conclusion that is based on inadequate evidence

Answer 11

Hasty Generalization

Question 12

reasoning from specific evidence to a general conclusion

Answer 12

Induction

Question 13

a ranking of human needs from simple to complex

Answer 13

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 14

the impulses and needs that stimulate a person to act in a certain way

Answer 14

Motivations

Question 15

using logic to draw conclusions from evidence

Answer 15

Reasoning

Question 16

diverting listeners from the real issue to an irrelevant matter

Answer 16

Red Herring

Question 17

the need of humans to make the most of their abilities

Answer 17

Self-Actualizations

Question 18

a weak opponent or dubious argument set up so that it can be easily defeated

Answer 18

Straw Man

Question 19

a deductive scheme consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

Answer 19

Syllogism