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Mosby's > Chapter 17-20 outline > Flashcards

Chapter 17-20 outline Flashcards

1
Q

Breast tissue extends from the (blank) ribs to the (blank) ribs.

A

2 to 6

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2
Q

The breast tissue begins at what margin to what line?

A

sternal margin to the midaxillary line

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3
Q

What is the breast composed of?

A

glandular and fibrous tissue, subcutatneous and retromammary fat

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4
Q

Breasts are divided into how many segments?

A

5 segments, 4 quadrants and a tail of Spence.

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5
Q

What lymphatics drain skin? what drain mammary lobules?

A

superficialdeep

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6
Q

(blank) nodes are more superficial and accessible to palpation when enlarged.

A

axillary

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7
Q

What is the start of breast development called?

A

thelarche

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8
Q

What is an early sign of puberty?

A

thelarche

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9
Q

(blank) is a scale of physical development in children, adolescents and adults. The scale defines physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitalia, testicular volume and development of pubic and axillary hair.

A

Tanner’s 5 stages

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10
Q

In pregnant women. what proliferates and increase extensively in size and number causing breasts of enlarged size?

A

lactiferous ducts and alveoli

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11
Q

mammary tissue is in direct contact with the (blank) lymph node

A

axillary

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12
Q

When will areolae become more deeply pigemented and diameter increase. Nipples are more prominent, darker and erectile.

A

pregnancy

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13
Q

When will mammary vascularization increase?

A

pregnant women

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14
Q

Small amounts of (blank) are secreted after delivery.

A

colostrums (first milk)

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15
Q

When does milk production begin?

A

2-4 days after delivery

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16
Q

Breasts become full and dense as (blank) fills.

A

lactiferous ducts

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17
Q

Breast engorgement can result from what?

A

milk production, tissue edema, and delay in effective ejection

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18
Q

When does glandular tissue atrophy gradually and get replaced by fat?

A

after menopause

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19
Q

When does relaxation of suspensory ligaments occur and tissue changes cause breasts to hang more loosely?

A

In older adults after menopause

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20
Q

Where does scapular, brachial, intermediate nodes toward axiallary nodes drain from?

A

superficial upper outer quadrant

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21
Q

Where does internal mammary chain toward opposite breast and abdomen drain from?

A

superficial medial portion

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22
Q

The deep upper arm of the breast drain to which nodes?

A

lateral axillary nodes (brachial)

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23
Q

The retroareolar are of the breast drains to which nodes?

A

interpectoral nodes into the axillary chain (rotter)

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24
Q

The areola and nipple drain to which nodes?

A

midaxillary, infraclavicular, and supraclavicular nodes

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25
Q

What is this important for?o OLDCARTS o Relationship to menses – timing and severity o unilateral or bilateral, associated lumps or masses, discharge from nipple, recent injury to breasts, medications (hormones

A

Breast discomfort/pain

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26
Q

What is this important for?o Length of time since it was first noticed. Changes in lump with size, character and relationship to menses. Is it always present or does it come and go. o Association with tenderness or pain, dimpling, change in contour, nipple discharge, retraction, tender lymph nodes, medications (hormones)

A

Breast mass or lump

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27
Q

What is this for?o Spontaneous or provoked, unilateral or bilateral, gradual or sudden onset, duration, color, odor, consistency, and amount o Association with nipple retraction, lump/mass, pain/tenderness, relationship to menses, recent injury to breasts, medications

A

nipple discharge

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28
Q

What is this for?o Hx of hyperthyroidism, testicular tumor, Kleinfelter syndromeo Medications, antiandogens or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, illicit/recreational drugs (anabolic steroids, marijuana)

A

Breast enlargement in men

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29
Q

What is the most common cancer among women in the US?

A

breast cancer

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30
Q

When do you start mammograms?

A

at 40 years of age

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31
Q

If women are at high risk for cancer, what do you do?

A

give MRI

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32
Q

What are the 5 D’s related to nipple

A

Discharge, depression, discoloration, dermatologic changes, deviations

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33
Q

What are these important for:• Previous breast disease, family hx of genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, hx of other cancers (ovarian, endometrial, colorectal), hx of hereditary cancer syndromes, surgeries, risk factors for breast cancer, any changes in breast characteristics, previous mammograms and results. • Menstrual hx, pregnancy hx, lactation, breast feeding, menopause, use of hormonal medications (ex: BCP, hormone therapy in post menopausal women)

A

Past medical history

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34
Q

What are these factors for?• Age, amount of caffeine intake, use of alcohol, use of anabolic steroids or marijuana • Breast self examination• Use of breast support with exercise

A

Personal and social history for breast exams

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35
Q

What are the 2 parts of the physical breast exam?

A

inspect and palpate

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36
Q

When inspecting the breast for the physical exam, how will you do it?

A

patient sitting, arms resting at sides, reinspect w/ patient seated w/ arms over head, reinspect seated with hands on hips and shoulders rolled forward, reinspect seated with leaning forward.

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37
Q

When looking at the breasts what are you looking for?

A

size, symmetry, contour, retractions, dimpling, skin color, texture, venous patterns and lesions • Retraction and dimpling – carcinoma • Peau d’orange – advanced or inflammatory carcinoma • Unilateral venous dilation – possible malignancy

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38
Q

When looking at the nipples and areolae what are you looking for?

A

 Compare for size, shape, color, smoothness, inversion, eversion or retraction Supernumary nipples – usually present along the embryonic mammary ridge (milk line)

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39
Q

What are the steps of palpation?

A

chest wall sweepbimanual digital palpationpalpate for lymph nodespalpate breast tissuedepress nipple inward in to the well behind areolaNipple compression if patient complains of nipple discharge.

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40
Q

How should the patient lay for a palpation?

A

supine

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41
Q

Who does this happen in? Breasts are enlarged temporarily due to passively transferred maternal estrogen. Rarely more than 1-1.5 cm in diameter and usually disappears within 2 weeks

A

Infants

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42
Q

Who does this happen in? Normal for breasts to develop asymmetrically in females Many males may have transient unilateral or bilateral subareolar masses at puberty. This is normal and usually disappears within a year.  Gynecomastia is also common in males at puberty. Usually temporary, benign and resolves spontaneously.

A

adolescents

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43
Q

Who does this happen in? Experience sensation of fullness with tingling, tenderness, and enlargement. Important to have adequate breast support.  Breasts feel lobular because of hypertrophy of mammary alveoli and dilated subcutaneous veins may be more prominent

A

Pregnant women

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44
Q

Who does this happen in? Engorged breasts may be hard, warm, shiny, and painful. Clogged milk ducts are common which may result in mastitis.  Examine nipples for signs of irritation or crackling

A

lactating women

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45
Q

Who does this happen in? May appear flattened, elongated and suspended more loosely. Feel more granular rather than lobular. Nipples are smaller and flatter.

A

Older adults

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46
Q

Is nipple discharge always bad?

A

no

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47
Q

What are the components of the external genitalia?

A

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular glands, vaginal vestibule, vaginal orifice, and uerthral opening

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48
Q

Vestibule has 6 openings, what are they?

A

urethra, vagina, two ducts of Bartholin glands, and two ducts of Skene glands

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49
Q

What are the parts of?o Anterior wall of vagina is separated from bladder and urethra by vesicovaginal septum. Posterior wall of vagina is separated from the rectum by the rectovaginal septum. o Pocket around cervix is divided into the anterior, posterior and lateral fornices. Internal pelvic organs can be palpated through these fornices. o Uterus is flattened anteroposteriorly and usually inclines forward at a 45 degree angle. It may also be anteverted, anteflexed, retroverted, or retroflexed.  Uterus opens into vagina via the external cervical os o Adnexa of uterus comprise of the fallopian tubes and ovaries

A

internal genitalia

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50
Q

What is this?o Formed from 4 bones: two innominate (consisting of ilium, ischium, and pubis), the sacrum, and the coccyx o Has 4 pelvic joints: symphasis pubis, the sacrococcygeal, and two sacroiliac joints

A

bony pelvis

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51
Q

When is the uterus enlarged due to high hormone levels and pressure from the fetus. Hormonal activity softens the pelvic cartilage and strengthens the pelvic ligaments.

A

Pregnant women

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52
Q

Who does this happen in: During menopause, estrogen levels decrease causing the labia and clitoris to become smaller. Adrenal androgens and ovarian testosterone levels decrease which may account for decreases in libido and in muscle mass and strength. Vaginal mucosa becomes thin, pale and dry which may result in dyspareunia (painful sex). Ligaments and connective tissue of the pelvis sometimes lose their elasticity and tone, thus weakening the support sling for pelvic contents.

A

oLDER ADULTS

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53
Q

What are these important for:o interval between periods, amenorrhea, prolonged menses, bleeding between periods, post menopausal bleeding o Change in flow, number of pads/tampons used, presence of clots, onset, duration, precipitating factors, associated symptoms and medications

A

Genital abnormal bleeding

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54
Q

What are these important for:o Associated vaginal discharge or bleeding, GI symptoms, abdominal distension or tenderness, association with menstrual cycle, voiding, eating, defecation, exercise, body positions, and sexual activity

A

Genital Pain

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55
Q

What are these important for:o Amount, color, odor, consistency, acute vs chronic, douching habits, clothing, sexual history, and associated symptoms including itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, burning with urination, abdominal pain or cramping, pelvic fullness, inflamed or bleeding external tissues, and medications (oral contraceptives and antibiotics)

A

Vaginal dischare

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56
Q

What are these important for:o Headacches, weight gain, edema, breast tenderness, mood changes, frequency of symptoms, alleviating and aggravating factors

A

Premenstrual symptoms

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57
Q

What are these important for:o Age of menopause, menstrual changes, mood changes, tension, hot flashes, bleeding, mother’s experience with menopause, mediations (hormone therapy, SERM)

A

menopausal symptoms

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58
Q

What are these important for:o Length of time attempting pregnancy, sexual activity pattern, anatomical abnormalities of female reproductive organs, stress, nutrition, chemical substances, partner factors, diagnostic tests

A

Infertility

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59
Q

What are these important for:o Acute vs chronic, frequency of symptoms, characteristics of urine, presence of blood, associated symptoms such as vaginal discharge, bleeding, abdominal pain or cramping, abdominal distension, pelvic fullness, or flank pain

A

• Urinary symptoms – dysuria, burning, frequency, and urgency

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60
Q

What is a common problem of females that can present as cyclic or noncyclic pelvic pain?

A

endometriosis

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61
Q

What is thiso Age of menarche, LMP (first day of last cycle), # of days in cycle, character of flow (amount, duration, clots)o Dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding or spotting, intermenstrual pain, premenstrual symptoms

A

menstrual history

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62
Q

What is thiso G: Gravity – total # of pregnancies o T: # of term pregnancieso P: # of preterm pregnancieso A: # of abortions, spontaneous or inducedo L: # of living children o Ask about complications of pregnancy, delivery, abortion, or with fetus/neonate

A

Obstetric history

63
Q

What is thiso Prior Pap smears, HPV testing and results. If abnormal ask about date, treatment and follow upo Past gynecologic procedures and surgeries, STI, PID, vaginal infections, DM and cancers (breast, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, cervical)

A

gynecologic history

64
Q

What is this• Diabetes, cancers, multiple pregnancies, congenital anomalies, mother’s use of diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

Family history questions about female genitalia

65
Q

What are these?• Contraceptive history (methods, duration of use, effectiveness) and douching history • Sexual history – number of parteners, gender, methods of contraception, use of protection, prior STIs

A

personal and social history questions

66
Q

Who is this for:ask about suspicion of insertion of foreign objects of possible sexual abuse with bleeding, pain and discharge (mucoid discharge is normal in newborns)

A

Infants and children

67
Q

Who is this for:ask about suspicion of insertion of foreign objects of possible sexual abuse with bleeding, pain and discharge (mucoid discharge is normal in newborns)

A

Infants and Children

68
Q

Whos is this for:ask about EDC, previous birth hx, previous OB and menstrual hx, prior uterine surgery, bleeding, discharge, passage of fluid, pain, GI symptoms

A

Pregnant Women

69
Q

Who is this for:symptoms associated with age related changes – itching, urinary symptoms, dyspareunia; changes in sexual desire or behavior

A

Older Adults

70
Q

What exam is this:o Inspect the pubic hair characteristics and distribution o Inspect and palpate labia majora and minora for symmetry in color, caking of discharge, inflammation, irritation or excoriation, swelling, tenderness, rashes, and lesions. o Inspect clitoris for size, atrophy, inflammation and adhesions o Inspect urethral meatus and vaginal opening for discharge, inflammation, irritation, lesions, polyps, and fistulaso Milk the Skene glands and palpate the Bartholin glands. Look for discharge, swelling, tenderness and masseso Test muscle tone at the vaginal opening. Inspect bulging and urinary incontinence as the patient bears downo Inspect and palpate perineum for smoothness, tenderness, inflammation, fistulas, and lesionso Inspect the perineal area and anus for skin tags, lumps, lesions, fissures, excoriation, and inflammation

A

External genitalia exam

71
Q

What exam is this:o Insert speculum along the path of least resistance o Inspect the cervix for color, position, size, surface characteristics, discharge, size and shape of os  Cervical os is small and round in nulliparous women, and slit-like in women who have had previous pregnancies.o Collect specimens if necessary o Inspect vaginal walls for color, surface characteristics, lesions, bleeding, and secretions. Look for cystocele (hernia protrudes through wall of vagina) or rectrocele (a prolapse of the wall between the rectum and the vagina.).

A

Internal Genitalia Speculum Exam

72
Q

What exam is this:o Insert the index and middle fingers of one hand into the vagina and place the other hand on the abdominal midlineo Palpate the vaginal walls for smoothness, tenderness, and lesions o Palpate the cervix for size, shape, length, position, mobility, and tenderness o Palpate the uterus for location, position, size, shape, contour, mobility, and tendernesso Palpate the ovaries for size, shape, consistency, and tenderness o Palpate adnexal areas for masses and tenderness

A

Bimanual Exam

73
Q

What exam is this:o Insert the index finger into the vagina and the middle finger into the anus o Assess sphincter tone o Palate the rectovaginal septum for thickness, tone and noduleso Palpate the posterior aspect of the uterus confirming findings from vaginal examination o Palpate the anterior and posterior rectal wall for masses, polyps, modules, strictures, and tendernesso Note characteristics of the feces on gloved finger

A

Rectovaginal Exam

74
Q

What position is the patient in during a female genitalia exam?

A

lithotomy

75
Q

What is mittelschmerz and andexal tenderness?

A

lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation.

76
Q

is vaginal bleeding ever normal in children?

A

NO

77
Q

What is the sign called at 4-6 weeks of pregnancy and it is the softening of the cervix?

A

goodell

78
Q

What is the sign called at 6-8 weeks and is the softening of the uternie isthmus?

A

hegar

79
Q

What is the sign called when the fundus flexes easily on the cervix?

A

McDonald

80
Q

What is the sign called when the fullness and the softening of the fundus near the site of implantation.

A

Braun von Fernwald

81
Q

What is the sign called when palpable lateral bulge or soft prominence of one uterine cornu

A

piskacek

82
Q

What is the sign of blusih color of the cervix, vagina and vulva called?

A

chadwick

83
Q

What are leopald maneuvers?

A

in third trimester, used to detect fetal position

84
Q

What do you do to assess fetal well being?

A

Fetal heart rate and fetal movement

85
Q

What are braxton hicks contraction?

A

uterine contractions in 3rd month of pregnancy

86
Q

What is the male genitalia comprised of?

A

penis, testicles, epididymides, scrotum, prostate gland, seminal vesicles

87
Q

What does the penis consist of?

A

corpora cavernosa, and corpus spongiosum. Glans penis is covered by foreskin (prepuce)

88
Q

Scrotum contains what?

A

testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, and cremasteric muscle

89
Q

What allows scrotum to relax or contract, important for cooling temperature by altering distance of testes from body.

A

cremasteric muscle

90
Q

Spermatogenesis requires temperatures below (blanK) degrees?

A

37

91
Q

(blank) are responsible for spermatozoa and testosterone production.

A

testcless

92
Q

What provides storage, maturation and transmit of sperm?

A

epididymis

93
Q

What form the ejactulatory duct?

A

vas deferens and seminal vesicle

94
Q

What surrounds urethra at the bladder neck and forms most of ejaculatory fluid?

A

Prostate gland

95
Q

Which testicle is lower and why?

A

left testicle due to longer length of spermatic cord

96
Q

 During the (blank) , the testes descend from the retroperitoneal space through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. At full term, one or both tests may still lie within the inguinal canal and descend into the scrotum in the early postnatal period. Descent may be arrested at any point or may follow an abnormal path.

A

3rd trimester

97
Q

 With onset of (blank) testicles grow, penis enlarges in length and breadth, scrotal skin reddens and thins, and prostate gland enlarges.

A

puberty,

98
Q

 Scrotum becomes more pendulous with (blank). Erection may develop more slowly and orgasms are less intense.

A

Aging/old people

99
Q

What are these for:o Pain with erection, constant or intermittent, association with alcohol or medications (diuretics, sedatives, antihypertensives, antidepressants, ect)

A

difficulty achieving or maintaining erection

100
Q

What are these for:o Hx of sickle cell anemia, leukemia, MS, DM, spinal cord injury o Trauma, association with alcohol or medications

A

Persistant erections unrelated to sexual stimulation

101
Q

What are these for:o Painful or premature, characteristic of ejaculate (color, odor, consistency, amount), association with medications (alpha blockers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, clonidine, methyldopa)

A

Difficulty with ejaculation

102
Q

What are these for:o Presence of lumps, sores, or rash, does it itch, burn or stingo characteristic of discharge (color, consistency, odor)o exposure to STI

A

Discharge or lesion on penis

103
Q

What are these for:o OLDCARTSo Change in testicular size, irregular lumps, soreness, or heaviness, related to trauma, association with medications

A

Testicular pain or mass

104
Q

What are these for:o Intermittent or constant, associated with straining or lifting, duration, presence of pain, changes in size or character of mass, ability to reduce the mass

A

Enlargement in inguinal area

105
Q

What are these for:o Ask about factors that may increase temperature of scrotum (tight clothing, hot baths, ect)o History of undescended testes, length of time attempting pregnancy, diagnostic evaluation (seman analysis), medications

A

Infertility

106
Q

What are important PMH for male genitalia?

A

• GU tract surgeries (undescended testes, hypospadia, epispadias, hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, prostate, vasectomy)• STI and treatment• Chronic illness such as testicular or prostate cancer, neurologic or vascular diseases, and DM

107
Q

What are these important for:• Occupational risk of trauma, exposure to toxins or radiation, use of protective device with sports, use of alcohol and recreational drugs, sexual practices• Testicular self examination practices

A

Personal and social history

108
Q

What should you ask when assessing infants and genitalia?

A

: ask about maternal use of sex hormones or BCP during pregnancy, circumcision, scrotal swelling with crying or bowel movements, and congenital anomalies

109
Q

What should you ask about adolescents with genitalia issues?

A

Ask about presence of nocturnal emissions, pubic hair, enlargement of genitalia

110
Q

What should you ask about older adults with genitalia issues?

A

Ask changes in frequency of sexual activity, desire or response

111
Q

What are these for?• Inspect pubic hair characteristics and distribution • Inspect penis and urethral meatus with foreskin retracted (if patient is uncircumcised). Smegma may be present over glans penis. • Palpate penile shaft • Strip urethra for discharge • Inspect scrotum for color, texture, asymmetry, lesions, thickening and presence of hernia • Transilluminate masses in scrotum

A

Summary of physical exam for male genitalia

112
Q

What is transluminate and no change in size with reduction?

A

hydrocele

113
Q

What does not translminate and is reducable?

A

hernia

114
Q

What does not transluminate and no change in size with reduction?

A

incarcinated hernia

115
Q

what position is a patient in when palpating for a hernia?

A

standing and bearing down

116
Q

What should the opening of the urethra look like?

A

glistening an dpink

117
Q

What vein should be apparents on the penis?

A

dorsal vein

118
Q

What is the most common type of hernia?

A

indirect inguinal

119
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

A

stroke the inner thigh with a blunt instrument -> normal response should have testicle and scrotum rise on stroked side

120
Q

What should you not do with the foreskin?

A

retract it (dont want binding adhesion)

121
Q

What is viscus and usually felt medial to inguinal ring?

A

direct hernia

122
Q

What is viscus coming through inguinal ring?

A

indirect hernia

123
Q

What should you palpate for consistency, size,tenderness, bleeding, masses, lumps and nodules

A

testes, epididymides, vas deferens

124
Q

How long is the anal canal?

A

2.5-4cm long

125
Q

The lower half of the anal canal is supplied with what kind of nerves? upper half?

A

somatic sensory nerves (sensory)autonomic control (insensitive)

126
Q

Is the rectum inferior or superior to the anus and how long is it?

A

rectum is superior, about 12 cm long

127
Q

Where is the prostate gland located?

A

base of the bladder and surrounds the urethra.

128
Q

What is 4X3X2 cm and composed of muscular and glandular tissue?

A

prostate gland

129
Q

The posterior surface of the prostate is palpable by digital exam through the (blank).

A

anterior rectal wall

130
Q

The prostate is divided into how many lobes and is it palpable by exam?

A

3 lobes ( right, left and median) The right and left are palpable but not the median

131
Q

Prostate remains undeveloped until (blank)

A

puberty

132
Q

(blank) are predisposed to developing hemorrhoids due to pressure in the veins below the uterus.

A

pregnant women

133
Q

Who does this happen in:degeneration of neurons in the rectal wall  inability to relax internal sphincter  constipation. However, as internal sphincter loses tone, fecal incontinence may occur.

A

old people

134
Q

In males, (blank) hyperplasia of prostatic glandular tissue is may occur.

A

benign

135
Q

What are these questions for:o Number, frequency, consistency of stools, presence of mucus or blood, color, and odor o Onset, duration, and relation to diet or stresso Accompanying symptoms such as incontinence, flatus, pain, N/V, cramping, abdominal distension

A

changes in bowel function

136
Q

What are these questions for:o Relation to body position and defecation, straining with defecation, presence of mucus or blood

A

Anal discomfort: itching, pain, stinging, burning

137
Q

What are these questions for:o Color (bright or dark red, black), relation to defecation, amount (spotting vs active bleeding), changes in stool, associated symptoms such as incontinence, flatus, pain, abdominal distension, weight loss

A

Rectal bleeding

138
Q

What are these questions for:o Hx of enlarged prostate or prostatitiso Hesitancy, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, caliber of stream, dribbling, discharge, medications

A

Changes in urinary function

139
Q

What is this for:• Hemorrhoids, spinal cord injury, bowel habits and characteristincs, prostate cancer or hypertrophy, colorectal cancer or related cancers (breast, ovarian, endometrial), inflammatory bowel disease

A

Past medical history

140
Q

What is this for:• prostatic cancer, rectal polyps, colon cancer or familial cancer syndromes (FAP, HNPCC, Gardner syndrome)

A

Family history

141
Q

What is this for:• recent travels, diet (fiber foods, amount of animal fat, changes), risk factors for colorectal, prostate or anal cancer, sexual practices (males with males), alcohol use

A

Personal and social history

142
Q

What is this the summary of the physical exam for the UG?

A

inspect-sacrococcygeal and perianal-anus-assess sphincter tonePalpate-muscular ring-lateral and posterior rectal walls-anterior rectal wall (prostate or cul-de-sac)-posterior surface of prostate gland

143
Q

What should the prostate gland feel like?

A

like a pencil erase (firm and smooth and slightly mobile)

144
Q

What are problems with prostate gland?

A

a. Rubbery or boggy consistency – indicative of BPHb. Stony hard nodules – indicative of carcinoma, prostatic calculi or chronic fibrosisc. Tender, fluctuate and soft – indicative of prostatic abscess

145
Q

In females, palpate (blank) through anterior rectal wall for size, shape, position, smoothness, and mobility

A

palpate cervix and uterus

146
Q

Withdraw finger and examine any (blank). Note any blood or pus, stool color, consistency, and test for occult blood if necessary.

A

fecal material

147
Q

What is a clue that a patient is having acute pain?

A

patient will shift uncomfortably from side to side when sitting

148
Q

What should you use to detect perianal abscess?

A

Bidigital palpation

149
Q

Prostate enlargement is classified by the amount of protrusion into the rectum, What are the cm corresponding to each grade?

A

Grade I; 1-2 cmGrade II; 2-3 cmGrade III; 3-4 cmGrade IV; more than 4 cm

150
Q

Stool:intermittent, pencil like stools suggest?persisitant, pencil like stools suggest?decreased caliber (pencil thin stools) indicate?A large amount of mucus in fecal matter suggest?Small flecks of blood stained mucus in fecal matter suggest?fatty stools?Stools the color of aluminum?

A

-spasmodic contraction in rectal area-permanent stenosis from scarring or from pressure -lower rectal stricture-intestinal inflammation and mucous colitis-amebiasis-pancreatic disorders and malabsorption syn.-tropical sprue, carcinoma of hepatopancreatic ampulla, and children treated with sulfonamides for diarrea

151
Q

WHen attempting a digitial rectal exam on a newborn what finger do you use

A

pinky

152
Q

Color of infant stool

A

newborn greenish black3-6 days is thin slimy brown to greenbreast fed-mushy yellow non irritating to skinformula fed-yellow irritating to skin

153
Q

An unexplained fever means utilize what?

A

rectal exam

Mosby's (7 decks)

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