Chapter 17

Question 1

Cottage industry

Answer 1

Manufacturing with hand tools in peasants homes, grew marginally in the 1700s

Question 2

Enclosure

Answer 2

Villages natural pastureland fenced into indivisible shares. Led to technical progress.

Question 3

Cornelius Vermuyden

Answer 3

Dutch engineer specializing in land reclamation from the sea.

Question 4

Why were the Dutch leaders in agriculture

Answer 4

Densely populated cities. Need for employment and food.

Question 5

Jethro Tull

Answer 5

English innovator. Pushed for using horses instead of oxen, using drilling equipment (seed drill) to spread seeds, and Selective breeding.

Question 6

Proletarianization

Answer 6

In England, the transformation of large numbers of small peasant farms into landless rural wage earners

Question 7

Dutch Land reclamation

Answer 7

Reclaiming land from the sea. Building enclosures of water and draining them. Introduced to England by Cornelius Vermuyden.

Question 8

Putting out system

Answer 8

Merchants loaned or “put out” materials to peasants and in return received finished products.

Question 9

Pre science rev. What % of population was producing food

Answer 9

80%

Question 10

Famine food

Answer 10

Dandelions, bark, grass

Question 11

Open field system

Answer 11

Village jointly farmed and rotated three fields to let land rest. (Fallow field)

Question 12

The gleaners

Answer 12

People going through already picked fields and collecting what’s left

Question 13

Agricultural revolution

Answer 13

Crop rotation or “elimination of the fallow” better farming, more food for animals, bigger herds, more meat, better diets. More animals more manure, better crops.

Question 14

Enclosure movement

Answer 14

Started in England. Need closed off fields for crop rotation experimentation. The poor moved off the land. Poor and nobility strongly apposed this.

Question 15

Verymuyden, man made channeling in England

Answer 15

Bring in Dutch scientists

Question 16

Selective breeding

Answer 16

Led to a 300% food increase in production from 1700 to 1870 in england

Question 17

Market oriented farming

Answer 17

Planting what makes money

Question 18

Landless proletariat

Answer 18

Working class

Question 19

Economic shift

Answer 19

From Mediterranean to Atlantic

Question 20

European exploration

Answer 20

Reasons to expand
More resources
Population pressure

Question 21

Europe power shift

Answer 21

Power shift to north west

Question 22

Mercantilism

Answer 22

Colbert, export more than import. British gave internal markets advantage and grew the middle class.

Question 23

Lord protector

Answer 23

Oliver Cromwell, dictator of English during the civil war. Protected the middle class.

Question 24

Navigation acts

Answer 24

British good can only be carried on British ships

Question 25

Anglo-Dutch war

Answer 25

Dutch navel fleet pushed out of trade by navigation acts. Results in conflict between British and Dutch. British win. British markets start to be iced out due to Anglo Dutch war. British focus on colonial trade

Question 26

War of Spanish succession

Answer 26

France had been expanding in the 17th century. Such as Alsace. French and Spanish monarchy couldn’t unite. English were gifted some eastern Canadian territories from the French.

Question 27

French wars

Answer 27

Keep losing to British. 7 yrs Aust succession War of Spanish succession

Question 28

British economic dominate power

Answer 28

End of Anglo Dutch war to end of ww1

Question 29

Triangle trade

Answer 29

Trade through the Atlantic

Question 30

Debt Peonage

Answer 30

Keep native workers kept in debt

Question 31

Atlantic trade

Answer 31

Sugar is the biggest product. Slave trade.

Question 32

1807 British

Answer 32

Due to enlightenment ideas, Slavery is abolished by British parliament

Question 33

Spanish/french Caribbean colonies and brazil

Answer 33

More mixed race. French only men migrated and often married local people.

Question 34

British colonies

Answer 34

Whole families migrated. Led to segregation.