Chapter 17 Flashcards
Uniqueness of Britain
Free trade system
Religious toleration
Two most important influences on the Enlightenment
John Locke
Isaac Newton
Britain’s influence on the Enlightenment
Freest nation in the world
Freedom of speech and print
Print Culture
Increase in written materials
- increased literacy
- secularism
Public opinion
Phenomenon created by print culture
Consequence for government- they viewed it as a threat
Votaries views and literary works on Britain
The Letters on the English; advanced politically, socially, economically
Voltaire’s literary works
Candide- critical or unwarranted optimism
Philosophes criticism of the Christian church
Their belief in original sin; it discouraged people Intolerant of other religions Root of many wars Assumed major role in politics Life after, not life now
Ethics
Buruk Spinosa; relationship of God and nature, they’re exactly the same, God=everything
Moses Mendelssohn
Jewish socraty, fonder of reformed Judaism, similation
Pascals view of Islam
Promiscuous, dangerous
The Encyclopedia
Diderot, d’Alembert
philosophes
religion, politics, economy, social, etc.
influenced ideas of Enlightenment more than any other work
On Crimes and Punishments
Beccaria; punishment should fit crime,
justice system should stop playing role of God
Utilitarian
Adam Smith
In favor of abolishing Mercantilism
Laissez-faire, “hands off”
Beliefs of physiocrats
Mercantilism = bad Laissez-faire = good
Rousseau
Human nature = selfish Evil came from unequal distribution of property Women had specific roles (inferior) Community over individual Precedes communism
Injustices for criticism of Imperialism
1) treatment of Native Americans
2) treatment of Africans (slaves)
3) conquest of Americas
Views of Herder
Cultural relativism
Montesquieu
Spirit of the Laws
Separation of powers
Limited monarchy
England = model
Philosophes views on women
Reform for women
They weren’t feminists
Neoclassical Art
Renaissance/humanistic
Didactic
French Revolution drawn from this
Jacques Louis David
Rococo Art
Preceded Neoclassical Aristocracy (France) Pastel colors Lavish Artistic style of Louis VX Hall in Bavaria
Frederick the Great
“First servant to the state”
Promotion by merit
Religious toleration
Administrative/ economic reform
Catherine the Great
Limited administrative reform
Economic growth
Territorial expansion
Joseph II
Religious toleration Economic reform Centralization of Authority Peasant have freedom Landlords don't have as much power
Catherine the Great and the nobility
Friended them
Supported their rights and power
Catherine the Great and territorial aspirations
Wanted warm water ports
Went to war with the Turks
Gotthold Lessing
“Nathan the Wise”; represents relationships between religions
German, critical of Christianity and no toleration
Adam Smith’s four stage theory
1) hunter/ gatherer
2) pastoral herding
3) agricultural
4) commercialization
Deists Crees
N afterlife dependent upon the existence of a rational God and ones earthly actions
