Chapter 15

Question 0

English game laws

Answer 0

• Landowners could hunt game
• Poor poached for food
• Others could hunt game, but landowners still owned it

Question 1

Old Regime

Answer 1

1) Aristocratic Elite
2) Established churches
3) Urban labor force
4) Rural peasantry

Question 2

Concerns of married women in the 18th century

Answer 2

Pregnancy

Question 3

Facts about children in the 18th century

Answer 3

• Not always welcomed; caused sickness and poverty

* Foundling hospitals

Question 4

Innovations and contributors to the Agricultural Revolution

Answer 4

• Jethro Tull; iron plow and seed drill
• Charles Townsend; fertilizer + crop rotation
• Robert Backen; selective breeding

Question 5

The Consumer Revolution

Answer 5

Causes; Disposable income
              Marketing
              Fashion
              Josiah Wedgwood 
Effects;  Challenged social norms
              Capitalist economy

Question 6

Pioneering industry of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 6

Textile industry

Question 7

Water Frame

Answer 7

1769; Richard Arkwright, used in rural factory, powered by water

Question 8

Spinning Jenny

Answer 8

1765; James Hargreaves, increases amount of thread to 120 spindles

Question 9

Flying Shuttle

Answer 9

1730’s; John Kay, increased amount of woven cloth

Question 10

The Power Loom

Answer 10

1780’s; Edmund Cartwright, urban factories, powered by steam

Question 11

Uses of the steam engine

Answer 11

Mining, cotton mills, agriculture, steam ship, steam locomotive

Question 12

Characteristics of the aristocracy

Answer 12

1-5% if population
Social, political, economic power
Wealthy

Question 13

French nobility

Answer 13

“Of the sword”- military
“Of the robe”- bureaucracy/ bought
Hobereaux- provincial nobility

Question 14

Nobility of Europe

Answer 14

Power over peasantry
Exempt from taxes
Protection of right/ property

Question 15

Aristocratic Resurgence

Answer 15

Preserved exclusiveness
Resist power of monarchies
Use existing institutions against monarchies
Improve financial provision

Question 16

Family economy

Answer 16

Depend in father, father = breadwinner
Worked on farm/ for food
Everyone worked- benefit household

Question 17

Bread prices

Answer 17

Prices rose steadily caused by population rise

Question 18

Dutch agricultural methods

Answer 18

Drained marshes for fields

Question 19

Europe’s population from 1700-1800

Answer 19

Population explosion

100 –> 260 (million)

Question 20

Open field system

Answer 20

Divided land into strips
Shared by community
Fallow (inactive periods)

Question 21

Inventors of the steam engine

Answer 21

Thomas Newcomen

James Watt

Question 22

Henry Cort and Iron production

Answer 22

1794; new smelting process

1870; 4 million tons produced/year

Question 23

Putting out system of textile production

Answer 23

Wool –> thread –> cotton

Factories replaced cottages/ homes

Question 24

Reasons for England being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 24

London
Colonization
Free trade
Raw resources
Political stability
Banking
Social mobility

Question 25

Impacts of Industrial and Agricultural revolutions on women

Answer 25

Jobs replaced
Wages decreased
Joined domestic services

Question 26

Locations of main Jewish populations

Answer 26

Eastern Europe-
"Ghettos"
Poland
Lithuania
Ukraine