Chapter 17 Flashcards
1
Q
What was serfdom in Eastern Europe?
A
- peasant couldnt leave land without lords permission/ very few rights/not independent farmers/ low pay
- local lord was also prosecutor/judge/jailer
- peasants bounded hereditarily
- lords seized peasant land for own estates
- Nobles had more power than king, serfs lands was leverage
2
Q
What were the four phases of the 30 years war
A
- Civil war in Bohemia btwn Cath/Prot. Ferdinand led Caths, Frederick lead Prosts
- Danish Phase- Christian IV of Denmark gets involved+ albert von Wallenstein leads catholic imperial army but fights AGAinst catholic league
- Swedish Phase- Adolphus of Sweden fights for sweden, Cardinal Richelieu founds them despite being cath.
- France joins directly, fights haps burgs
3
Q
What was the Peace of Westphalia?
A
- ended war
- German princes recognized as sovereign
- France acquired Alsace province
- Sweden recieved money+jurisdiction over border german territories
- depopulated germany massively and hurt europes economy
4
Q
What were Austrian Hapsburgs?
A
- controlled scattered provinces of eastern/central europe
- imposed catholicism on state for political unity
- took hungary from ottomans in Battle of Mohecs
5
Q
Prussia?
A
centered around Berlin (brandenburg)
- land locked, swampy area
- Brandenburg was an elector in Prussia who helped choose roman emperor
- hohenzollens united prussia/brandenburg after thirty years war ravaging
- Frederick william=permanent standing army, forced estates to accept permanent taxation without consent
- increased revenue+army
- took power from ‘junker’ nobility
6
Q
King frederick william I?
A
Frederick’s son
- transformed prussia into powerful military state
- centralized bureacracy+expanded monarchy
- turned junkers into officer caste
7
Q
Russia?
A
- under mongols who used princes as servants and tax collectors
- princes put down uprisings/hereditary
- Ivan III consolidated power around Moscow stopped acknowledging Khan, continued mongol relations with rest of Russia
- Ivan IV- declared war on mongols/won rest of russia/abolished hereditary nobility
- went crazy after wifes death/ jailed+executed everyone he suspected
- Ivan claimed industry, everything.
8
Q
Cossocks?
A
- russians who fled nobility, formed armies, warred with king/wanted tsar who would restore freedom
9
Q
Peter the Great?
A
- wanted to westernize russia
- traveled to english/dutch
- built st. petersburg as modern city; broad avenues, comfortable, a section for each social class, serfs forced to build it
10
Q
Great Northern War?
A
- alliance btwn Denmark and Russia against Sweden
- Russians win/gain latvia+become dominant baltic power
- peter increases state power/strengthen army +gain victory
- established standing army
- has schools/universities to produce skilled technicians.
- nobility must get education+serve in army
- non nobles have opportunity to move thru bureaucracy
11
Q
Ottoman Empire?
A
-religious toleration+lust for warfare and conquestion
=Suleiman the magnificent-ruled at zenith
-captured constantinople/christian bastian
-sultan selim invaded middle east
-even slaves could rise administratively
