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MUSC 119 > chapter 17- > Flashcards

chapter 17- Flashcards

1
Q

Font

A

a typeface used in printing text, music and symbols

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2
Q

glyph

A

specific font symbol
- graphic symbols used in font typefaces

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3
Q

serifs

A

projections on the end of letter strokes that make it easier to read when printed

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4
Q

serif font

A

typeface that uses serifs

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5
Q

sans serif

A

typeface lacking serifs

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6
Q

gothic

A

sans serif font

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7
Q

roman

A

serif font

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8
Q

mapping

A

associating or imposing the value or attributes of one thing on another

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9
Q

ASCII

A

American standard code for information interchange - character encoding scheme

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10
Q

UTF-8

A

Universal Transformation Format-8: replacement system for ASCII coding

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11
Q

Part extraction

A

creation of individual parts from a full score
- extracting individual parts from a score and preparing them for use in rehearsal and performance

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12
Q

Global parameters

A

musical instructions that are common to and required on all parts in the score
- ie. title, composer, time sig, tempo markings, rehearsal letters (double bars and repeat signs usally global)

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13
Q

Local parameters

A

musical instructions that are specific to the part (instrument or location) being prepared
- dynamics, articulations, accents, muting instructions, special effects, cues

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14
Q

Cues

A

small notes in a part indicating the performance of other instruments

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15
Q

Desk

A

pair of string players performing one part

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16
Q

Portable Document Format (.pdf)

A

a file format able to be read/printed on any operating system

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17
Q

Paper weight

A

indication of the density of a ream of paper
- density of paper (measured in units based on the weight of a ream - 500 sheets - of a specific size)

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18
Q

Ream

A

500 sheets

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19
Q

Letter size

A

North American standard paper - 8.5 x 11”

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20
Q

legal size

A

8.5 x 14”

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21
Q

tabloid size, ledger size

A

11 x 17”
tabloid is 17” high and ledger is 17” wide

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22
Q

true type glyphs

A

made up of outlines with control points that can be scaled to the different font sizes requested by user (avoids jagged edges and irregular curves when changing font size)

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23
Q

Open type fonts

A

more sophisticated version of true type
- responsive to increasing resolutions of printing system
- support design of typefaces for non-western typography

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24
Q

Postscript fonts

A

generally supported by windows operating systems
- require postscript printer when printing directly from notation program

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25
Q

inside desk

A

performer furthest from audience in a desk (turns pages)

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26
Q

Voicing

A

how notes of a chord are placed vertically

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27
Q

Doubling

A

when a 3 note chord has one pitch duplicated for SATB writing

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28
Q

Instrumentation

A

set of instruments in an ensemble

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29
Q

Orchestration

A

how different instruments are assigned to different parts of a musical passage to create interesting timbres of effects

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30
Q

Family

A

group of instruments with the same type of sound producing mechanism

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31
Q

Score order

A

the common top-to-bottom way of laying out parts in a musical score

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32
Q

Spot/spotting

A

to go through a film (ie. with the director) and decide on where music will be used and what type of music is appropriate

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33
Q

Diagetic/source music

A

music that comes from onscreen action
- heard from an on-screen band or radio or tv
- music part of the scene that characters in the film would hear

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34
Q

Non-diagetic/underscore/score

A

the film soundtrack
- film characters don’t hear

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35
Q

Diagetic switch

A

when diagetic music becomes non-diagetic (or vice versa)

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36
Q

Cue

A

can refer to a phrase of music or to a timepoint in the film where music is needed

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37
Q

hit/hit point

A

specific point in the film that is accented by music

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38
Q

theme

A

main or primary melody of a film or character of scene

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39
Q

leitmotif

A

short, musical passage that is affiliated with particular person, idea/situation

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40
Q

Mickey Mousing

A

having the music imitate the action

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41
Q

Stems

A

short sections of music that are a mix of several track and which can be pulled into a DAW’s tracks for use

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42
Q

Temp tracks

A

Temporary music that is added to a film at the beginning of the compositional process to give an idea of the type of music/emotion wanted for the scene

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43
Q

film scoring libraries

A

collections of recorded music for use in films

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44
Q

post-production

A

editing, processing and mixing of film/video and sound that occurs after the initial recording

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45
Q

stock music

A

pre-composed music available for purchase or licensing

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46
Q

Wilds

A

sounds recorded on set which will be synced in the film in post-production
- can include voices for dubbing, environmental sounds, effects etc

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47
Q

Server

A

handles distribution (ie. of webcast)
looks after the connections and speed of delivery
buffers the webcast data as it comes from encoding - handles connection requests from audience, determines proper stream to send in answer to the request

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48
Q

Webcast

A

streamed broadcast as opposed to a downloaded file
streamed media presentation delivered to one or more recipients (live or pre-recorded for on-demand delivery)

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49
Q

bandwidth

A

amount of data that can be delivered in a set amount of time, usually measured as the number of bits per second (or Mb/s)

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50
Q

URL

A

uniform/universal resource locator - address of a website

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51
Q

hyperlink

A

short text indicating the URL of a website

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52
Q

Creation

A

live component of a webcast

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53
Q

Production

A

capture component of a webcast

54
Q

Encoding

A

compression and reduction of data size for webcasting

55
Q

Connection

A

way a recipient accesses a webcast

56
Q

distribution

A

software/hardware used to broadcast a webcast

57
Q

hannel

A

data stream associated with a specific URL

58
Q

Pixel

A

Picture element

59
Q

CCD

A

Charge Coupled Device - type of image sensor in a camera

60
Q

CMOS

A

Complimnetary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor: type of image sensor in a camer

61
Q

photosite

A

individual light sensitive element in a digital image sensor

62
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

phenomenon in which our brain perceives motion when presented with multiple still images

63
Q

Persistence of vision

A

phenomenon that our retina continues to perceive an image after the image no longer enters the eye

64
Q

Video codec

A

video compressor-decompressor

65
Q

video format

A

wrapper for video data
specification for how the wrapper or container holds the compressed file
Provide the container in which to put all the different types of data

66
Q

Stream

A

to send data in real time from a server to a client computer

67
Q

server

A

system that handles delivery of audio/video data over the internet

68
Q

Client

A

Computer that makes requests and receives data from a server

69
Q

Channel

A

specific URL carrying a stream of data (affected by the number of people connected)

70
Q

Connection request

A

What happens when someone clicks on the hyperlink to your webcast
a message from a remote system asking to be connected to a data stream
- checks to see what the highest supportable bit rate is (bandwidth) and begins to stream data to the receiving connection

71
Q

Buffering

A

act of loading the incoming audio/video material into memory so that it can be smoothly sent out in the webcast

72
Q

HTML

A

HyperText Markup Language - protocol for describing the structure and layout of web pages
- script language that is used as the basis for web pages
- special kind of text document that is used by Web browsers to present text and graphics
- script (not compiled code)
- AKA webpage

73
Q

Hypertext

A

type of database where text, images, sound, programs, and so forth can be linked or connected to each other

74
Q

Markup language

A

method of annotating and specifying layout and style of text in a file ie. HTML

75
Q

Hyperlink

A

word, phrase or image that connects to another webpage or another section in the same webpage

76
Q

header

A

first section of an HTML document containing information about the title, style sheets and scripts

77
Q

Body

A

section of HTML document that holds the markup text with visible content

78
Q

Script

A

programming language that carries out or automates a series of sequential non-compiled commands
- run by another program (such as a browser rather than by the computer’s central processor)
- Apple Scripts are commands that invoke common actions such as opening a file, bringing a window to the front, copying text from an open window etc

79
Q

Code

A

software program that is compiled and run by a computer’s central processing unit (CPU)

80
Q

Compile

A

convert human-readable text (words and math symbols) into machine language or binary code for use by a computer system

81
Q

Scripted language

A

computer language that makes use of scripts

82
Q

Compiled language

A

a computer language that first must be translated to machine code (compiled) in order for the software to run

83
Q

Style sheet

A

set of rules defining style of web documents fonts, font sizes, dimensions, values and structure

84
Q

CSS

A

Cascading Style Sheets - style sheet language that describes how a web document appears
- deals with appearance (not the actual HTML content)

85
Q

Quick Response (QR) code

A

square (special type of) barcode holding information such as a URL, text message, telephone number etc
- hold far more data than a UPC
- easily readable by mobile devices
- squares filled with small patterns of black and white squares
- ie. useful for directing to websites (concert info, schedules, bios, downloadable applications)

86
Q

Quiet Zone

A

band of white that outlines QR codes allowing applications/scanners to read the QR code without interference from a background image
- makes easier for scanners to find boundaries of the images

87
Q

Dropbox

A

internet-based repository that supports the sharing of digital information with either restricted or public access

88
Q

Webpage

A

online document conveying various types of info

89
Q

Computer code

A

Sets of instructions that must be compiled before they can run

90
Q

Compiling

A

when commands written as text are converted into numbers that can be understood by the computer

91
Q

Computer scripts

A

instructions that do not need to be compiled

92
Q

Barcodes

A

allow for digital scanning (long been used in commercial environments)
- UPCs (Universal Product Codes) - on almost all items sold at supermarkets

93
Q

Focal length

A

distance from lens to image sensor
- affects how large image is when it strikes image sensor to be recorded (affects field of view)
- shorter focal length = wider field of view

94
Q

Aperture

A

opening in a lens through which light enters
- controls how bright the image is and controls the depth of field (amount of image that is in focus)

95
Q

Field of view

A

how much of a scene is visible through a lens

96
Q

Depth of field

A

amount of a scene that is in focus from front to back

97
Q

f-stop

A

measure of lens “speed” or sensitivity

98
Q

Shot

A

section of a video from when recording started to when it ended

99
Q

Pan

A

pivot camera horizontally while recording

100
Q

Tilt

A

pivot camera vertically while recording

101
Q

Digital zoom

A

image data from part of the camera’s sensor is copied and then image is resampled and data is interpolated between the existing data points

102
Q

Optical zoom

A

focal length is changed so that the subject takes up more or less of the field of view

103
Q

Zoom

A

keep camera in one location while changing the lens setting to make the image larger or smaller
- camera remains stationary and lens settings are changed to make an image appear larger or smaller

104
Q

White balance

A

calibration of the camera so that colour appears properly

105
Q

Shutter

A

circuit that camples colour values of the image sensor

106
Q

Shutter effect

A

created by sampling voltage levels several times per second

107
Q

Shutter speed

A

how many times a second an image is sampled

108
Q

Jump cut

A

change of video shot without a transition

109
Q

Transition

A

crossfade or similar effect providing a smooth change from one shot to the next

110
Q

Interpolation

A

fitting new data in between known data points

111
Q

Framing

A

Manner in which a subject is placed within the viewing area of the lens

112
Q

Storyboard

A

cartoon-like depiction of what action will be shot from what angles

113
Q

Memory card

A

removable digital storage device commonly used in still and video cameras

114
Q

H.264

A

Specific video codec
- AKA (?) MPEG4 - newer standard for video codecs where resultant files take up considerably less space/bandwidth than older MPEG4 video codecs
- handles video for devices ranging in size from cells to broadcast systems
- one of the codecs used for BluRay discs

115
Q

HDV

A

high definition video

116
Q

MPEG4

A

Moving Pictures Experts group
- very fast and efficient codec for reducing file size while maintaining quality
- designed so that files can be streamed over the internet, used on DVDs and used for high definition TV broadcasting
- identifiable by .mp4 suffix

117
Q

AVCHD

A

Advanced Video Codec High Definition

118
Q

.mp4

A

video format

119
Q

video mode

A

video/video display system resolution – # of pixels per line : # of vertical scan lines
- second # has i or p (when applicable)

120
Q

interlaced

A

video displayed using two successive frames at a time on alternating scan lines
- combines 2 frames and displays one frame on the odd # lines and the other frame on the even # lines
- before improvements in shutter and computer speeds this was helpful in order to project info from double the number of frames and make for a smoother transition

121
Q

progressive

A

video displayed using a single frame for all scan lines
- projects image by displaying a single frame starting at the top and progressively working downwards

122
Q

keyframe/intrafram

A

video frame in which data from the entire frame is stored (all pixel values)
- single frame of video that contains info about all the pixels in the frame

123
Q

Inbetweens

A

frames containing data that is different from the most recent keyframe
- in these, the codec only records data that differs from the last frame (the rest of the data is filled in by the key frame)

124
Q

Aspect ratio

A

ratio of width to heigh for display systems
- proportions of the display screen for images

125
Q

Letterbox

A

display method of showing 16:9 images on 4:3 systems so to avoid distortion
- black bars across top and bottom of screen (horizontal black strips)

126
Q

Pillarbox

A

display method of showing 4:3 images on 16:9 systems so to avoid distortion
- black bars added on the sides (vertical black strips like a pillar)

127
Q

Cinemascope

A

aspect ratio(s) of 2.35:1, or even wider

128
Q

VGA

A

Video Graphics Array: analog video connector
- 15 pin connector
- carries analog signals (carries voltages like a microphone connector, rather than carrying digital data)

129
Q

DVI

A

Digital Visual Interface video connector
- comes in 5 different configurations (not all compatible due to their pin configurations or the data they pass on)
- carry digital data (not analog voltage signals)

130
Q

HDMI

A

High-Definition Multimedia Interface: connector capable of carrying both audio and video digital data/signals
- comes in more than one configuration

131
Q

USB-C

A

Universal Serial Bus connector - can transmit digital data (audio, video, etc) as well as power to devices
- becoming common on laptops (replacing HDMI outputs on many)

132
Q

MPEG4

A

Moving Pictures Experts group
- very fast and efficient codec for reducing file size while maintaining quality
- designed so that files can be streamed over the internet, used on DVDs and used for high definition TV broadcasting

MUSC 119 (3 decks)

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