Chapter 17 Flashcards
Gene expression
Transcription
Translation
Transcription major events
1
2
3
How do euk cells modify RNA after transcription
Translation steps
Point mutations can change the ____ ____ _____ of a _____
amino acid sequence, protein
How are amino acid sequences of proteins changed
Gene expression
process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins (or RNAs)
One gene-one ____ (most accurate)
one gene-one RNA molecule (which can be translated into a polypeptide)
Central dogma
DNA –> RNA –> Protein
Transcription
DNA –> RNA
Translation
RNA –> protein
Site of translation
Ribosome
In eukaryotes, ____ and ____ ____ happen in the nucleus
Transcription, RNA processing
In prokaryotes, transcription happens in the _____
Cytoplasm
In prok. and euk., translation takes place in the _____
Cytoplasm
Nucleic acid composed of nucleotides (DNA and/or RNA)
DNA and RNA
Double-stranded (DNA and/or RNA)
DNA
SIngle-stranded (DNA and/or RNA)
RNA
DNA abbr. for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains thymine (DNA and/or RNA)
DNA
Contains uracil (DNA and/or RNA)
RNA
Template for individual (DNA and/or RNA)
DNA
Many different roles (DNA and/or RNA)
RNA
pre-mRNA
precursor to mRNA, newly transcribed and not edited
mRNA
edited version; carries code from DNA that specifies amino acids
tRNA
carries a specific amino acid to ribosome based on
its anticodon to mRNA codon
rRNA
makes up 60% of the ribosome; site of protein
synthesis
snRNA
small nuclear RNA; part of a spliceosome. Has
structural and catalytic roles
srpRNA
a signal recognition particle that binds to signal
peptides
RNAi
interference RNA; a regulatory molecule
Ribozyme
RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme
