Chapter 16: Therapies

Question 1

Biological Therapies

Answer 1

Treatment to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual’s body functions.

Question 2

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

Answer 2

Commonly know as tranquilizers, they reduce anxiety by making people calmer and less excitable.

Question 3

Anti-Depressant Drugs

Answer 3

Drugs that regulate mood

Question 4

Anti-Psychotic Drugs

Answer 4

Drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in people who have a severe psychological disorder, such as schizophrenia.

Question 5

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 5

Commonly called shock therapy, this treatment is used for severely depressed individuals; it causes a seizure to occur in the brain.

Question 6

Psychosurgery

Answer 6

A biological therapy that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual’s adjustment.

Question 7

Psychotherapy

Answer 7

The process used by mental health professional to help individuals recognize, define, and overcome their psychological and interpersonal difficulties.

Question 8

Insight Therapy

Answer 8

Encourages insight and self-awareness; includes the psychodynamic and humanistic therapies.

Question 9

Psychodynamic Therapies

Answer 9

Stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of experiences in the early childhood years. The goal of the psychodynamic therapies is to help individuals recognize their maladaptive ways of coping and the sources of their unconscious conflicts.

Question 10

Psychoanalysis

Answer 10

Freud’s psychotherapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts. Freud believed that clients’ current problems could be traced to childhood experiences, involving conflicts about sexuality.

Question 11

Free Association

Answer 11

The psychoanalytic technique of having individuals say what ever comes into their minds.

Question 12

Catharsis

Answer 12

The release of anger or aggressive energy by directly or vicariously engaging in anger or aggression; the catharsis hypothesis states that behaving angrily or watching other behave angrily reduces subsequent anger.

Question 13

Dream Analysis

Answer 13

The psychotherapeutic technique used by psychoanalysts to interpret a person’s dream. Psychoanalysts believe dreams contain information about the individual’s unconscious thought and conflicts.

Question 14

Transference

Answer 14

The psychoanalytic term for the person’s relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the individual’s life.

Question 15

Interpretation

Answer 15

The therapist searches for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the individual says and does, and suggest possible meanings of the person’s statements and behavior.

Question 16

Resistance

Answer 16

The psychoanalytic terms for the person’s unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person’s problems.

Question 17

Humanistic Therapies

Answer 17

Encourages people to understand themselves and to grow personally. The humanistic therapies are unique in their emphasis on self-healing capacities.

Question 18

Client Centered Therapy

Answer 18

Roger’s humanistic therapy in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and encourage the client to gain insight about problems.

Question 19

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 19

Perls’ humanistic therapy in which the therapist challenges clients to help them become more aware of their feelings and face their problems.

Question 20

Behavior Therapy

Answer 20

Uses principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior emphasis on self-healing capacities

Question 21

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 21

A method of behavior therapy based on classical conditioning that treats anxiety by getting the person to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety producing situations.

Question 22

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 22

A classical conditioning treatment which consists of repeated pairings of the undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior’s rewards.

Question 23

Behavior Modification

Answer 23

The application of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior; especially to replace unacceptable, maladaptive behaviors with acceptable, adaptive behaviors.

Question 24

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 24

Emphasize that individuals’ cognitions or thought are the main source of abnormal behavior and psychological problems.

Question 25

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Answer 25

Based on Albert Ellis’ assertion that individuals develop a psychological disorder because of their beliefs, especially those that are irrational and self-defeating.

Question 26

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Answer 26

A combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy.