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Psych > chapter 16 social psychology > Flashcards

chapter 16 social psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychologists

A

explore connections by studying how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

attribution theory

A

we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

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3
Q

dispositional attribution

A

aggressive personality

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4
Q

situational attribution

A

reaction to stress or abuse

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5
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
overestimate influence of personality and underestimate influence of situations

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6
Q

effects of attribution

A

judging people in court, explaining poverty and unemployment, evaluate employees

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7
Q

attitudes

A

feelings influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects people and events. if we believe someone is mean we feel dislike and act unfriendly
attitudes affect actions

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8
Q

central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
people are naturally analytical and involved in situation

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9
Q

peripheral route to persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speaker’s attractiveness
make snap judgements, more superficial

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10
Q

foot in the door phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
start small and build

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11
Q

role

A

set of explanations about a social position defining how those in the position ought to behave

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12
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
rational: if i chose to do it or say it i must believe in it

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13
Q

chameleon effect

A

unconsciously mimicking others expressions postures and voice tones to help understand what they are feeling

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14
Q

mood linkage

A

sharing up and down moods

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15
Q

empathy

A

automatic mimicry

empathic people yawn more after seeing others yawn

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16
Q

conformity

A

adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
increases when: one’s insecure, least 3 people, group is unanimous, group status and attractiveness is valued, culture encourages social standards

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17
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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18
Q

informational social influence

A

resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

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19
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger performance in the presence of others

on tougher tasks performance is hinders in front of others

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20
Q

crowding

A

jokes are funnier in a room full of people than just in front of a few people

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21
Q

social lofting

A

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
pull harder when you’re alone than when you have others on your team

22
Q

deindividuation

A

loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
both arouses people and diminishes their sense of responsibility
people feel aroused and anonymous
more likely to kill or injure enemies when wearing a mask

23
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
discuss an idea that most of them either favor or oppose
can help to find faith or self help group, or, lead to prejudice

24
Q

groupthink

A

desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
you go along with groups idea in order to keep harmony so you don’t voice own opinion

25
Q

social control

A

power of the situation

26
Q

personal control

A

power of the individual

27
Q

prejudice

A

unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. generally involves stereotyped beliefs negative feelings and a predisposition to discriminatory action
overt prejudice wanes and subtle prejudice lingers

28
Q

stereotype

A

generalized belief about a group of people

29
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

30
Q

ingroup

A

us. people who we share an identity with

31
Q

outgroup

A

them. those that are different or apart from our ingroup

32
Q

ingroup bias

A

the tendency to favor our own group

33
Q

other race effect

A

recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races
emerges during infancy

34
Q

just world phenomenon

A

tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
we teach our children that good is rewarded and evil is punished

35
Q

scapegoat theory

A

find someone to blame when things go wrong to direct anger

36
Q

mere exposure effect

A

exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
human face is not perfectly symmetrical so the face we see in the mirror isn’t what our friends see.
familiarity breeds fondness. familiarity is approachable

37
Q

average is attractive

A

features that are not too large or too small

38
Q

our feelings make the person appear more or less attractive

A

proximity, attractiveness, and similarity determine attraction
and we like people that like us

39
Q

reward theory of attraction

A

we will like those whose behavior is rewarding to us and that we will continue relationships that offer more rewards than costs
attractive people are aesthetically pleasing and associating with them can be socially rewarding

40
Q

passionate love

A

aroused state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

41
Q

companionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

42
Q

equity

A

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
both are free to give and receive

43
Q

self disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

sharing likes dislikes fears dreams etc.

44
Q

bystander effect

A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
1 bystander will help. if there are many bystanders they will be less likely to help

45
Q

social exchange theory

A

social behavior is an exchange process the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
before donating blood think about time, pain and anxiety versus guilt, social approval, and generosity

46
Q

reciprocity norm

A

expectation that people will help not hurt those who have helped them
we should return help and not harm to those that helped us

47
Q

social responsibility norm

A

expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

we should help people who need us like children who can’t give as much as they receive

48
Q

conflict

A

perceived incompatibility of actions goals or ideas

49
Q

social trap

A

situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
as long as you both pursue best personal interest you both end up with nothing
people should cooperate by agreeing upon regulations, better communication, and promoting awareness of responsibility to humanity and world

50
Q

mirror image perception

A

mutual views often held by conflicting people as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
feed a vicious cycle of hostility

51
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
communication and conciliation

52
Q

GRIT

A

graduated and reciprocated initiative in tension reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Psych (3 decks)

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