chapter 14 psychological disorders Flashcards
psychological disorder
deviant. distressful and dysfunctional behavior patterns
fear of spiders is deviant but isn’t disorder because it doesn’t impair your life
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 or one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
medical model
concept that diseases in this case psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured, often through treatment in a hospital
mental health movement
biological influences on psychological disorders
evolution, individual genes, brain structure / chemistry
psychological influences
stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood related perceptions and memories
social cultural influences
roles, expectations, definitions of normality and disorder
DSM-IV-TR
The American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used to classify psychological disorders
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
generalized anxiety disorder
person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy
2/3 women
worry continually, jittery, agitated, sleep deprived
free floating anxiety
time mellows emotions and anxiety becomes rare
panic disorder
which a person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread
anxiety tornado
panic attack
minutes long episodes of intense dread that something horrible will happen
heart palpitations, shortness of breath, choking sensations, trembling, dizziness
smokers are doubly at risk because nicotine is a stimulant
phobias
person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation
avoidance
social phobia
shyness to the extreme
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes. crowd, elevator, bus
OCD
which a person is troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions
characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions
in teen year 2 % cross the line from normal worries to ocd
post traumatic stress disorder
which a person has lingering memories, night mares and other symptoms for weeks after severely threatening uncontrollable event
lingers for weeks or more after experience
shellshock, battle fatigue
disaster, assault survivors
survivor resiliency
those who don’t develop ptsd
post traumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
fear conditioning
stimulus generalization
person attacked by a fierce dog later develops a fear of all dogs
reinforcement
helps maintain our phobias and and compulsions after they arise
person goes inside to feel calmer if they’re sensing an attack
natural selection
if you’re scared you are less likely to survive and leave descendants
genes
traumatic event plus predisposed high strung temperament leads to new phobia. when disordered brain detects that something is amiss it repeats the thoughts
mood disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
major depressive disorder
prolonged hopelessness and lethargy
6% of men 9 % of women
occurs when 5 signs of depression last two or more weeks (not because of drugs)
lethargy, worthlessness, loss of family / friends / activity interest,
bipolar disorder
person alternates between depression and mania (overexcited)
mania
wildly optimistic state, euphoric, hyperactive
behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression
people trapped in depression
depression is widespread
common causes
women are 2x more likely than men
more vulnerable to disorders with internalized states. women get madder and sadder
most major depressive episodes self terminate
therapy helps but depression goes away on its own
stressful events precede depression
death, job loss, marital crisis
depression is striking earlier
significant loss is related to unresolved anger or separation
negative thoughts and moods interact
explanatory style
who and what they blame
stable
its going to last forever
global
its going to effect everything i do
internal
its all my fault
schizophrenia
group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions
split mind
1 in 100. inappropriate emotions and actions
flat affect, catatonia (remain motionless)
dopamine overactivity
low frontal lobe brain activity
maternal virus during midpregnancy
genetic factors
psychological factors
delusions
false beliefs often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders
I’m mary poppins
selective attention
hallucinations
sensory experiences without sensory stimulation (seeing hearing tasting things that arent)
personality disorders
characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
histrionic personality disorder
attention getting
narcissistic personality disorder
self obsessed
fear of rejection leads to
avoidant personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
emotionless disengagement
antisocial personality disorder/ (socio path / psychopath)
which person (normally man) has lack of conscience for wrongdoing even toward friends and family members. maybe aggressive, ruthless, or clever con artist. before 15 begins to lie steal fight and show aggressive sexual behavior
