chapter 16 sexual reproduction in humans

Question 1

what are the two types of reproduction?

Answer 1

asexual and sexual

Question 2

Describe asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• production of new organisms from a single parent
• new organisms are produced genetically identical to the parent
• usually in unicellular organisms like amoeba

Question 3

Describe sexual reproduction

Answer 3

• production of new organisms from two parents a male and female
• new organisms are not genetically identical but inherit characteristics from both parents
• occur in most complex plants and animals like humans and flowering plants

Question 4

Difference between male and female gametes?

Answer 4

sperm is the smallest cell in body, has a head, middle piece and tail called the flagellum which helps it to swim (mobile) while ovum is the largest cell in the body, is round and cannot move by itself

Question 5

describe heredity

Answer 5

humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent, carrying the genes in the nucleus which control our growth and characteristics

Question 6

What is the definition of fertilisation?

Answer 6

the process where the nucleus of the ovum and sperm fuses to form a zygote

Question 7

What are the two main processes of a menstrual cycle

Answer 7

menstruation and ovulation

Question 8

when does ovulation occur?

Answer 8

day 14

Question 9

what is the definition of ovulation?

Answer 9

the release of a mature egg from an ovary, each ovary usually taking turn to release an egg in each cycle

Question 10

Why is the fertile period days 10-15?

Answer 10

sperms can live 3-5 days in female reproductive system, ovum can live up to 24 hours in female reproductive system, so if a woman engages in sexual intercourse on day 10 there is a higher chance of fertilisation

Question 11

What is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome? (AIDS)

Answer 11

• caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• HIV destroys a humans white blood cells, destroying their immune system
• AIDS is the final stage of HIV
• suffer from severe weight loss, lung infections and brain infection

Question 12

How is AIDS transmitted?

Answer 12

• sexual intercourse with infected person
• sharing of infected needles (during drug abuse)
• infected needles used for tattooing, acupuncture or ear-piercing
• blood transfusion with infected person
• during pregnancy from mother to fetus

Question 13

What do hormones do

Answer 13

Hormones control and coordinate activities throughout the body by triggering other organs to function.

Question 14

What are temporary birth control methods

Answer 14

rhythm method, condom, spermicide, intro-uterine device, birth control pills, diaphragm

Question 15

permanent birth control methods

Answer 15

tubal litigation, vasectomy

Question 16

what is abortion

Answer 16

the deliberate termination of a pregnancy, which may caused infertility or harm to the uterus