chapter 15 transport systems

Question 1

Why does the left ventricle wall have a thicker muscle wall?

Answer 1

transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body which is a far distance, require a large force which is why the muscle wall is thicker so heart can force blood out at a higher blood pressure

Question 2

function and structure of arteries (highest blood pressure)

Answer 2

function: transport blood away from the heart
structure: thick muscular walls that withstand high blood pressure

Question 3

function and structure of veins (lowest blood pressure)

Answer 3

function: transport blood towards the heart
structure: have relatively thin walls with less muscles and elastic tissues
have valves that closes to prevent backflow of blood

Question 4

function and structure of blood capillaries (very low blood pressure)

Answer 4

function: allows exchange of glucose and amino acids between blood and tissue
structure: one cell thick allow to allow quick diffusion of glucose, amino acids and oxygen from blood to the tissues

Question 5

function of blood plasma

Answer 5

function: transport medium for dissolved substances: glucose, amino acids, waste substances and mineral salts from small intestine to other parts of body

-acts as a solvent and transports hormones and removes carbon dioxide and other waste substances

Question 6

function and structure of red blood cell

Answer 6

function: transports oxygen form lungs to all body cells
structure: • Circular biconcave shape which increases surface area to volume ratio to take in/release oxygen at a faster rate
• Absence of nucleus to store more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen
• Contains haemoglobin which binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin

Question 7

function and structure of white blood cell

Answer 7

function: fights infections, kills foreign particle such as bacteria and viruses (destroy bacteria & viruses)
structure: - Colourless (do not contain haemoglobin)
- Irregular in shape and contains a nucleus
- Mobile — they are able to move, change their shape and squeeze through walls of the thinnest blood capillaries

Question 8

function of blood platelets

Answer 8

• Function: required for blood clotting during bleeding
  
  • Not true cells
  • Fragments of cytoplasm which are membrane bound

Question 9

what are the vascular tissues in plant cells called and what do they tranport

Answer 9

xylem vessels transport water and dissolved mineral salts while phloem tissues transport glucose which is converted to sucrose for transportation

Question 10

what is the definition of transpiration

Answer 10

Definition: the process where water vapour is lost through the aerial parts of the plant, especially through the stomata of the leaves

Question 11

What are the disadvantages and advantages of transpiration

Answer 11

advantage
- Creates a pulling force know as transpiration pull
- This force enables water and mineral salts to move up the xylem vessels from the roots to the leaves in the plant
Disadvantage
- Excessive transpiration results in wilting
- When the rate of transpiration (rate of water vapour loss) higher than the rate of water absorption (from the roots water gained), wilting occurs

Question 12

definition of osmosis

Answer 12

Definition: is the net movement of water molecules from a solution of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 13

definition of diffusion

Answer 13

Definition: the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (down the concentration gradient)

Question 14

types of membranes

Answer 14

synthetic: viking tubing, dialysis tubing (made from cellulose) is partially permeable
natural: cell surface membrane is partially permeable
function of cell surface membrane: control movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 15

describe flow of blood in heart

Answer 15

right atrium -> right ventricle -> lungs -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> rest of body