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Human A&P I > Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, Integration > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, Integration Flashcards

1
Q

Reverse Prompt

conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment

A

Sensation

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2
Q

Reverse Prompt

conscious awareness and interpretation of sesations primarily a function of the cerebral cortex

A

Perception

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3
Q

Reverse Prompt

specialized cell or the dendrites of a sensory neuron

A

Receptor/Sense organ

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4
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = external environment (hearing, vision, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain) at or near external surface of the body

A

Exteroceptor

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5
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = not consciously perceived; pain or pressure blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and nervous system

A

Interoceptor/Visceroceptor

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6
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = body position, muscle length, and tension muscles, tendons, joints and the inner ear

A

Proprioceptor

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7
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = touch, pressure, vibrations, stretch skin, ears, muscles, joints

A

Mechanoreceptor

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8
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = change in temperature skin, hypothalamus

A

Thermoreceptor

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9
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = damage to tissue numerous locations in body “pain” slowly adapting receptor

A

Nociceptor

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10
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = light only in eyes

A

Photoreceptor

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11
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulus = chemicals nose, tongue, hypothalamus, stomach

A

Chemoreceptor

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12
Q

Reverse Prompt

somatic sensations that arise from stimulating the skin surface

A

cutaneous sensations

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13
Q

Reverse Prompt

touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle

A

tactile sensations

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14
Q

Reverse Prompt

stimulation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous layer

A

touch

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15
Q

Reverse Prompt

rapidly adapting touch receptors found in hairy skin consist of free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles

A

hair root plexuses

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16
Q

Reverse Prompt

sustained sensation that is felt over a larger area than touch occurs with deformation of deeper tissues

A

pressure sensations

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17
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • slowly adapting tacticle (touch) receptor
  • sensation: stretching of skin
A

Ruffini corpuscles

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18
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • bare dendrites
  • receptors for pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and some touch sensations
A

free nerve ending

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19
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • slowly adapting tacticle (touch) receptors
  • sensations: touch and pressure
A

tactile discs

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20
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • rapidly adapting tacticle receptors
  • sensations: touch, pressure, and slow vibrations
A

corpuscles of touch

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21
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • rapidly adapting pressure receptor
  • sensations: pressure and fast vibrations
A

lamellated corpuscles

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22
Q

Reverse Prompt

skin, muscles, joints, tendons, fascia

A

somatic pain

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23
Q

Reverse Prompt

skin

A

superficial somatic pain

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24
Q

Reverse Prompt

muscles, joints, tendons, fascia

A

deep somatic pain

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25
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • from visceral (internal) organs
  • bowel blockage, kidney stone, gall stones, etc
A

visceral pain

26
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • visceral pain projected to a particular part of the skin or body
  • projected incorrectly
A

referred pain

27
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • “acute”, “sharp”, “pricking”
  • closer to surface (not felt in deep tissues) knife cut, pin prick, paper cut, skin burn, etc.
A

fast (acute) pain

28
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • “throbbing”, “aching”, “burning” or “chronic”
  • may be excruciating felt in both skin and deep tissues toothache, skin bruise, etc.
A

slow (chronic) pain

29
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • projection of pain coming from amputated limb
  • “psychological” pain
A

phantom pain

30
Q

Reverse Prompt

pain relief

31
Q

Reverse Prompt

induction of a state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation over the entire body, through the administration of anesthetic drugs

A

general anesthesia

32
Q

Reverse Prompt

  1. regional anesthesia by injection of a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space around the spinal cord.
  2. loss of sensation due to a spinal lesion.
A

spinal anesthesia

33
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • slowly adapting (propreioceptors) sensory nerve endings
  • sensations: muscle length
A

muscle spindles

34
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • slowly adapting proprioceptors
  • sensations: muscle tension slowly adapting receptor
A

tendon organs

35
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • rapidly adapting proprioceptors
  • sensations: joint position and movement rapidly adapting receptor
A

joint kinesthetic receptors

36
Q

Reverse Prompt

conduct impulses from the somatic receptors (PNS) into the brain stem or spinal cord (CNS)

A

first-order neurons

37
Q

Reverse Prompt

conduct impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus

A

second-order neurons

38
Q

Reverse Prompt

conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side

A

third-order neurons

39
Q

Reverse Prompt

ability to acquire new information or skills though instruction or experience

40
Q

Reverse Prompt

a hypothetical neurophysiologic storage unit in the cerebrum that is the source of a particular memory

41
Q

Reverse Prompt

temporary ability to recall a few pieces of information for seconds to minutes

A

short-term memory

42
Q

Reverse Prompt

information in short-term memory may later be transformed into a more permanent type of memory

A

long-term memory

43
Q

Reverse Prompt

lack or loss of memory

44
Q

Reverse Prompt

humans sleep and awaken in a 24-hour cycle

A

circadian rhythm

45
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • a portion of the reticular formation that has many ascending connections with the cerebral cortex
  • when this area of the brain stem is active
    • nerve impulses pass to the thalamus and widespread areas of the cerebral coretex
      • results in generalized alertness or arousal from sleep
A

reticular activating system

46
Q

Reverse Prompt

state of wakefulness

A

consciousness

47
Q

Reverse Prompt

state of unconsciousness in which a person’s responses to stimuli are reduced or absent

48
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • Non-Rapid Eye Movement
  • 4 gradually merging stages
    1. transition
    2. light sleep
    3. moderately deep sleep
    4. deep sleep
A

NREM sleep

49
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • Rapid Eye Movement under closed eyelids
50
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • STD
  • caused by bacteria
  • third state cause dibillitating neurological symptoms
51
Q

Reverse Prompt

condition in which REM sleep cannot be inhibited during waking periods

A

narcolepsy

52
Q

Reverse Prompt

difficulty in falling asslep and staying asleep

53
Q

Reverse Prompt

disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing for 10 or more seconds while sleeping

A

sleep apnea

54
Q

Reverse Prompt

complete loss of strength in an affected limb or muscle group

55
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain
  • cause physical disability
A

cerebral palsy

56
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • uncontrollable shaking and muscle rigidity
  • dopamine-releasing neurons degenerates
A

Parkinson disease

57
Q

Reverse Prompt

  • inherited disorder
  • loss of neurons that normally release GABA or acetylcholine
A

Huntington disease

58
Q

Reverse Prompt

muscles of the upper limb may alternately contract and relax, causing it to shake

59
Q

Reverse Prompt

generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude during a maintained, constant stimulus

A

adaptation

60
Q

Reverse Prompt

a visual sensation that continues after the stimulus ends. The image may appear in colors complementary to those of the stimulus.

A

afterimage

61
Q

Reverse Prompt

the act of perceiving an idea or thought as an objective reality.

A

projection

Human A&P I (3 decks)

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