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Exam 4 Flash Cards > Chapter 16 - Sensory > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

Modality

A

type of sensation

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2
Q

Photoreceptor

A

Light

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3
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Mechanical energy, ex. stretch or bending
hair cells of cochlea (hearing) also….touch, pressure, stretch, or tension

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4
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

heat or cold

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

lfaction, gustation, & internal chemistry – Particle [ ] in extracellular fluid,

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6
Q

Nociceptor

A

pain

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7
Q

Law of Specific Nerve Energies

A

Receptors only respond to their modality.
i.e. taste receptors do not respond to light

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8
Q

Transduction

A

Transduction = change of energy, ex. stretch of mechanoreceptor becomes graded potential and possibly an action potential.

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9
Q

Adaption

A

So you can ignore stuff

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10
Q

Hair receptor

A

hair movement and very gentle touch

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11
Q

Merkel’s disc

A

light sustained touch

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12
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Vibrations and deep pressure

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13
Q

Ruffini endings

A

deep pressure

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14
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

light, fluttering touch

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15
Q

Acuity and Receptive Field Size

A
  • Two receptive fields stimulated by two points of stimulation: two points felt
  • Only one receptive field stimulated by the two points of stimulation the same distance apart is in: one point felt
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16
Q

Fast pain

A

Occurs on stimulation of mechanical and thermal nociceptors
Carried by small, myelinated A-delta fibers
Produces sharp, prickling sensation
Easily localized
Occurs first

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17
Q

Slow pain

A

Occurs on stimulation of polymodal nociceptors
Carried by small, unmyelinated C fibers Produces dull, aching, burning sensation
Poorly localized
Occurs second; persists for longer time; more unpleasant

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18
Q

How We Block Pain

A
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19
Q

Which of these is NOT one of the primary tastes?

A

Spicy

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20
Q

Primary tastes

A

bitter, salty, sweet, sour, umami

21
Q

Each olfactory cell makes one kind of odor receptor that binds to one kind of odorant. How many different kinds of odor receptor cells are in your nose?

A

400

22
Q

pitch

A

depends on frequency

23
Q

intensity

A

depends on amplitude

24
Q

timbre

A

depends on overtones

25
Q

Vestibular Apparatus

A

3 Semicirc Canals + 2 Gravity Sensors (Utricle & Saccule)

26
Q

Utricle

A
  • Detects (1) changes in head position away from vertical and (2) horizontally directed linear acceleration and deceleration
  • Movement Away from Horizontal
    Or Horizontal Traveling - next slide
27
Q

Saccule

A
  • Detects (1) changes in head position away from horizontal and (2) vertically directed linear acceleration and deceleration
  • Movement away from vertical or
    vertical movements.
    Ex. Get out of bed (horiz → vertical) or vertical traveling like riding elevator up & down.
28
Q

Cupula

A

Accessory Structure for hair cells in Semicirc canals

29
Q

Vestibular nuclei

A

Ex. Reading road signs from a moving vehicle. Tracking thrown ball with eyes. Keeping your balance while walking on boat deck.

30
Q

Gustation

A

taste, CN VII, IX, X

31
Q

Olfaction

A

smell, CN I

32
Q

Somatosensory

A

eceptors, spinal cord & brainstem, thalamus, parietal lobe

33
Q

Vision

A

photoreceptors depolarized in the dark, retinal processing, CN II, thalamus, occipital lobe

34
Q

Auditory

A

cochlea, hair cells, CN VIII, brainstem, thalamus, temporal lobe Vestibular - also hair cells, CN VIII

35
Q

Glaucoma

A

If fluid cannot drain via canal of Schlemm (Scleral Venous Sinus), pressures build up →

36
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation

A

Circular muscles runs circulary

37
Q

Sympathetic stimulation

A

Radial muscle runs radially

38
Q

Refraction

A

bending of light rays
Cornea and lens do this

39
Q

Accomodation

A

When the lens gets rounder for greater refraction for near objects

40
Q

Far vision

A

flatter lens

41
Q

Near vision

A

Rounder lens

42
Q

Emmetripia

A

Normal vision

43
Q

myopia

A

Nearsighted

44
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsighted

45
Q

Outer segment of rod

A

For dim light
most common in peripheral retina

46
Q

Outer segment of cone

A

for color
most common in fovea/central retina
require bright light

47
Q

Rods

A

120 million per retina
More numerous in periphery
High sensitivity
Night vision
Low acuity
Much convergence in retinal pathways
Vision in shades of gray

48
Q

Cones

A

6 million per retina
Concentrated in fovea
Low sensitivity
Day vision
High acuity
Little convergence in retinal pathways
Color vision

49
Q

Corpuscle

A

(layers like an onion) makes the Pacinian corpuscle a phasic receptor.

Exam 4 Flash Cards (4 decks)

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