Chapter 16 - Sensory

Question 1

Modality

Answer 1

type of sensation

Question 2

Photoreceptor

Answer 2

Light

Question 3

Mechanoreceptor

Answer 3

Mechanical energy, ex. stretch or bending
hair cells of cochlea (hearing) also….touch, pressure, stretch, or tension

Question 4

Thermoreceptor

Answer 4

heat or cold

Question 5

Chemoreceptors

Answer 5

lfaction, gustation, & internal chemistry – Particle [ ] in extracellular fluid,

Question 6

Nociceptor

Answer 6

pain

Question 7

Law of Specific Nerve Energies

Answer 7

Receptors only respond to their modality.
i.e. taste receptors do not respond to light

Question 8

Transduction

Answer 8

Transduction = change of energy, ex. stretch of mechanoreceptor becomes graded potential and possibly an action potential.

Question 9

Adaption

Answer 9

So you can ignore stuff

Question 10

Hair receptor

Answer 10

hair movement and very gentle touch

Question 11

Merkel’s disc

Answer 11

light sustained touch

Question 12

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 12

Vibrations and deep pressure

Question 13

Ruffini endings

Answer 13

deep pressure

Question 14

Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 14

light, fluttering touch

Question 15

Acuity and Receptive Field Size

Answer 15

• Two receptive fields stimulated by two points of stimulation: two points felt
• Only one receptive field stimulated by the two points of stimulation the same distance apart is in: one point felt

Question 16

Fast pain

Answer 16

Occurs on stimulation of mechanical and thermal nociceptors
Carried by small, myelinated A-delta fibers
Produces sharp, prickling sensation
Easily localized
Occurs first

Question 17

Slow pain

Answer 17

Occurs on stimulation of polymodal nociceptors
Carried by small, unmyelinated C fibers Produces dull, aching, burning sensation
Poorly localized
Occurs second; persists for longer time; more unpleasant

Question 18

How We Block Pain

Question 19

Which of these is NOT one of the primary tastes?

Answer 19

Spicy

Question 20

Primary tastes

Answer 20

bitter, salty, sweet, sour, umami

Question 21

Each olfactory cell makes one kind of odor receptor that binds to one kind of odorant. How many different kinds of odor receptor cells are in your nose?

Answer 21

400

Question 22

pitch

Answer 22

depends on frequency

Question 23

intensity

Answer 23

depends on amplitude

Question 24

timbre

Answer 24

depends on overtones

Question 25

Vestibular Apparatus

Answer 25

3 Semicirc Canals + 2 Gravity Sensors (Utricle & Saccule)

Question 26

Utricle

Answer 26

- Detects (1) changes in head position away from vertical and (2) horizontally directed linear acceleration and deceleration - Movement Away from Horizontal Or Horizontal Traveling - next slide

Question 27

Saccule

Answer 27

- Detects (1) changes in head position away from horizontal and (2) vertically directed linear acceleration and deceleration - Movement away from vertical or vertical movements. Ex. Get out of bed (horiz → vertical) or vertical traveling like riding elevator up & down.

Question 28

Cupula

Answer 28

Accessory Structure for hair cells in Semicirc canals

Question 29

Vestibular nuclei

Answer 29

Ex. Reading road signs from a moving vehicle. Tracking thrown ball with eyes. Keeping your balance while walking on boat deck.

Question 30

Gustation

Answer 30

taste, CN VII, IX, X

Question 31

Olfaction

Answer 31

smell, CN I

Question 32

Somatosensory

Answer 32

eceptors, spinal cord & brainstem, thalamus, parietal lobe

Question 33

Vision

Answer 33

photoreceptors depolarized in the dark, retinal processing, CN II, thalamus, occipital lobe

Question 34

Auditory

Answer 34

cochlea, hair cells, CN VIII, brainstem, thalamus, temporal lobe Vestibular - also hair cells, CN VIII

Question 35

Glaucoma

Answer 35

If fluid cannot drain via canal of Schlemm (Scleral Venous Sinus), pressures build up →

Question 36

Parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 36

Circular muscles runs circulary

Question 37

Sympathetic stimulation

Answer 37

Radial muscle runs radially

Question 38

Refraction

Answer 38

bending of light rays Cornea and lens do this

Question 39

Accomodation

Answer 39

When the lens gets rounder for greater refraction for near objects

Question 40

Far vision

Answer 40

flatter lens

Question 41

Near vision

Answer 41

Rounder lens

Question 42

Emmetripia

Answer 42

Normal vision

Question 43

myopia

Answer 43

Nearsighted

Question 44

Hyperopia

Answer 44

Farsighted

Question 45

Outer segment of rod

Answer 45

For dim light most common in peripheral retina

Question 46

Outer segment of cone

Answer 46

for color most common in fovea/central retina require bright light

Question 47

Rods

Answer 47

120 million per retina More numerous in periphery High sensitivity Night vision Low acuity Much convergence in retinal pathways Vision in shades of gray

Question 48

Cones

Answer 48

6 million per retina Concentrated in fovea Low sensitivity Day vision High acuity Little convergence in retinal pathways Color vision

Question 49

Corpuscle

Answer 49

(layers like an onion) makes the Pacinian corpuscle a phasic receptor.