Chapter 16- Salivary Glands Flashcards
What is xerostomia
Dry mouth from a decrease in the production of saliva
How does xerostomia present
Dry mucosa
Atrophy of the tongue papillae with fissuring and ulcerations
Patients with xerostonia present with higher rates of what
- Dental caries
- Cadidiasis
- difficulty swallowing and speaking
What is the most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion
Mucoceles
What is the most common type of viral sialadenitis
Mumps, which affects the parotid
What is the cause of mucocele
Lesion of the salivary gland from blockage or rupture of the salivary gland duct, leading to leakage into the connective tissue stroma
What is the most common cause of mucoceles
Trauma, usually on the lower lip
What is the clinical presentation of mucocele
- Swelling of the lower lip with a blue tint to it
- Changes in size of the lesion, especially with meals
Histologically, what are mucoceles composed of
- Psedocysts which have cyst spaces lined inflammatory granulation tissue/connective tissue
- Spaces filled with mucin and macrophages
What is the treatment of the mucocele
Excision of the cyst along with the accompanying minor salivary gland
What is the it called when there is an epithelial lined cyst that has arisen due to damage to the sublingual duct
Randal
What is the term used for when there is a cyst that has dissected the connective tissue and has connected the two bellies of the myohyloid bellies
Plunging ranula
What are the common bacterial causes non-specific sialadenitis, and what is the common duct affected
Submandibular gland blocked by stones, usually as a result of S. Aureus or Sptrept viridans
Patients under which treatment can commonly develop decreased secretory function
Phenothiazines
Which patients are at an increased risk of developing bacterial suppurative parotitis
Elderly patients with recent major thoracic or abdominal surgery and are dehydrated
What is the rule for bilateral versus unilateral in obstructive or inflammatory of glands
Unilateral is the rule
Most neoplasms of the salivary glands arise in which location
Parotid gland
How common are neoplasms of the salivary glands
Not very common at all
What is the relationship between the size of the salivary gland and the risk for a neoplasm
The smaller the gland is, the more likely it is to develop a neoplasm (parotid is the lowest, sublingual the highest)
Which patient population is more likely to develop Warthin tumors
Males (higher risk of smoking, which predisposes)
What will be the prevention of all parotid neoplasms
Distinctive swelling in front of and below the ear
What are the cells the make up the pleomorphic adenomas
Mixture of ductal cells (epithelial) and myoepithelial cells (mesenchymal)
What is the most common tumor in the parotid gland and what is its prevalence in other glands
Pleomorphic adenoma, rarely found in any other than the parotid gland
What is known to increase the risk for a pleomorphic adenine
Radiation exposure
