Chapter 16 Robbins Flashcards
impairment of drainage of sinus by inflammatory edema of mucosa may impound suppurative exudate producing ___
empyema of sinus
necrotizing lesions of the nose and upper airways caused by
GEF
granulomas with polyangiitis
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
fungal infection
benign highly vascular tumor in red haired fair skinned young male in
nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
singers nodules and polyps for reactive nodules, which is bilateral and uni
singers = bi polyps = uni (smoking)
do reactive nodules give rise to cancer
mostly never
severe forms of chronic sinusitis are caused by
what population
fungi, mucomycosis
-higher prevelance in diabetics
sinusitis is most commonly preceded by what
acute or chronic rhinitis
in infants and young children with small airways laryngoepiglottiis from what can induce sudden swelling of epiglottis and constitiute a medical emergency
RSV, H influenza, b hemolytic strep
small blue round cell neoplasm that arise from neuroectodermal olfactory cells in mucosa in superior aspect of nasal cavitity
olfactory neuroblastoma
where does nasopharyngeal angiofibroma occur and what is the fatalaty rate
posterolateral wall of roof of nasal cavity
9% are fatal from hemorrhage and intracranial extension
benign neoplasm arising from respiratory mucosa linging nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
sinonasal papilloma
nasal polyps are mainly atopic or non atopic
non atopic
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma features
- demographic
- associated with
- whats almost always involved
- subtypes and worse prognosis
geographic distribution: children in africa, adults in china
- associated with EBV
- cervical LN involvement in 70% of cases
- keratinizing, nonkeratininzing, and undiff/basaloid variants
- keratininzing has worst surivival rate
age for olfactory neuroblastoma
15 and 50 years old peak
offending agent of sinusitits
normal inhabitiants of oral cavity
sinusitis infection more serious complications
can spread to orbit or penetrate surruounding bone to give osteomyelitis
-can spread to cranial vault causing septic thrombophlebitis of dural venous sinus
prognosis of NUT midline carcinoma
most pts die within a year
this tumor is positive for enolase, synaptophysin, cd56, and chromogranin
olfactory neuroblastoma
pharyngitis and tonsillitis are frequent features of what
viral URI
adenovirus, rhinovirus, echovirus
may have bacteria superimposed (group b strep most common, sometimes s aureus)
benign neoplasm usually on true vocal cord that forms soft, rasperry like proliferation rarely more than 1 cm in diameter
-lesions caused by what
squamous papilloma and papillomatosis
caused by hpv 6 and 11
chronic rhinitis
possible problem
sequel to repeated attacks of acute rhinitis with eventual development of superimposed bacterial infection
sometimes extend into the air sinuses
3 forms of sinonasal papilloma (schneiderian)
- which is most aggressive
- associated with what
- can it be malignant and invade?
exophytic, endophytic, cylindrical
-endophytic most aggressive
HPV 6 and 11 (endo and exo)
-can invade orbit and cranial vault, malignant in 10% of cases
cancer that maniefsts clincically as persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, and dysphonia most common males in 60s
carcinoma of the larynx
obstruction of outflow most often from frontal sinus can lead to accumulation of mucous secretions producing
mucocele
translocation with NUT
BRD4-NUT
uncommon tumor of the nasopharynx or salivary gland
also other midline structures
NUT midline carcinoma
extranodal nk/t cell lymphoma nasal type feature
lymphoma in which tumor cells harbor EBV
50s and 60s
Asians and Latin Americans
hypersensitivity rxn to allergens in which leukocytic infiltration and eosinophils are prominent
allergic rhinitis
recurrent attacks of _____ may eventually lead to focal protrusion of mucosa producing ____
rhinitis, polyps
main causes of infectious rhinitis
ARE
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
echovirus
