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EMT > Chapter 16-Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 16-Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the P in “PASTE”

A

Progression

Did the problem start suddenly or get worse overtime?

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2
Q

What is the A in “PASTE”

A

Associated Chest Pain

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3
Q

What is the S in “PASTE”

A

Sputum

Has the patient been coughing up sputum?

Mucus like sputum can mean a respiratory infection, pink frothy sputum can mean fluid in lungs.

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4
Q

What is the T in “PASTE”

A

Talking Tiredness

How much distress the patient is having.

Ask the patient to repeat a sentence and see how many words he can say without taking a breath.

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5
Q

What is the E in “PASTE”

A

Exercise tolerance

Ask the patient what he or she was able to do before the problem started, and then ask if the patient can still do it.

Exercise tolerance will decrease as the breathing problem and hypoxia decrease.

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6
Q

Asthma- Description & Signs/Symptoms

A

Acute spasm of the bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production.
-Wheezing
-Bronchospasm’s

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7
Q

Anaphylaxis- Description & Signs/Symptoms

A

Severe allergic reaction characterized by airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels.
-Flushed Skin/ Hives
-Generalized Edema
-Hypotension
-Wheezing

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8
Q

Bronchiolitis Signs & Symptoms

A

Is a respiratory illness that usually occurs due to RSV infection, severe inflammation of the bronchioles.
-Shortness of breath
-Wheezing
-Coughing
-Fever
-Tachypnea
-TachyCardia

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9
Q

Bronchitis

A

Ongoing irritation of the trachea and bronchi. (COPD)
-Chronic Cough w/ Sputum Production
-Wheezing
-Cyanosis
-Tachypnea

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10
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Disease of the heart Characterized by shortness of breath, edema, and weakness.
-Dependent- Lower Extremity Edema
-Crackles (pulmonary edema)
-Orthopnea- Difficulty breathing while laying down
-Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea- shortness of breath that awakens patient

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11
Q

Common Cold

A

-Cough
-Runny nose
-Sore throat

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12
Q

Covid-19

A

Transmitted by air born particles
-Cough
-Chest Pain
-Fever
-Inability to smell
-dyspnea
-

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13
Q

Croup

A

Caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Ages 6 months and 3 years.
-Fever
-Barking Cough
-Stridor

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14
Q

Diphtheria Signs & symptoms

A

Serious infection caused by coryncbacterium
-Difficulty breathing and swallowing
-Sore throat
-Thick gray build up in throat/nose
-Fever

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15
Q

Emphysema Signs & Symptoms

A

COPD- loss of elastic material in the lungs.
-Barrel Chest
-Pursed Lip Breathing
-Dyspnea
-Cyanosis
-Wheezing

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16
Q

Epiglotitis

A

Bacterial caused, life threatening disease of the inflammation of the epiglottis.
-Dyspnea
-High fever
-Stridor
-Drooling
-Difficulty swallowing
-Severe sore throat
-tripod position

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17
Q

Influenza type A

A

Animal disease that has mutated to infect humans. (H1N1 Strain)
-Cough
-Fever
-Sore throat
-Fatigue

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18
Q

Pertussis

A

Airborne bacterial infection that primarily affects children younger than 6 years
-Coughing Spells
-“Whooping” Sound
-Fever

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19
Q

Pneumonia Signs & Symptoms

A

Infections of the lungs bacterial or viral. Causes fluid build up. Often a secoondary cause
-Dyspnea
-Chills/Fever
-Cough
-Green,red, rust color sputum
-Localized wheezing or crackles

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20
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Partial or complete accumulation of air into the plueral space. Most often caused by trauma.
-Sudden chest pain with dyspnea
-decreased breath sounds-mainly one side
-Subcutaneous emphysema (air under the skin)

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21
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

Anything in the circulatory system that moves from its point of origin to a distant site and lodges there, obstructing blood flow,
-Sudden Blockage of arteries
-Dyspnea
-Sharp Chest Pain
-Tachycardia

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22
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Partial or complete accumulation of air into the pleural space.
-air trapped in pleura space
-Severe Shortness of Breath
-Absent breath sounds on one side
-decreased LOC
-Neck vein distention

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23
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Common infection in the lungs. Can lead to pneumonia or bronchitis.
-Cough
-Wheezing
-Fever
-Dehydration

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24
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Bacterial Infection caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis, spreads by cough, resistant to antibiotics.
-Cough
-Fever
-Fatigue
-Bloody Sputum

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25
Q

Comparative Description of COPD and CHF

A

COPD
Slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli due to chronic obstruction of the bronchi.
Usually in long-term smokers

Congestive Heart Failure
Disease of the heart characterized by shortness of breath, edema, and weakness.

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26
Q

Patho differences of COPD and CHF

A

COPD
Emphysema-
- Destruction of the airways
- decreased ability to oxygenate blood
-lower cardiac output
-hyperventilation

Chronic Bronchitis-
-Excessive mucus production
-decreasing ventilation with increased cardiac output
-hypoxemia
-increased carbon dioxide retention

CHF
-Damaged ventricles, failure of heart to pump
-Enlarged left ventricle
-Back up of fluid into the lungs and body
-

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27
Q

Signs/symptoms of COPD (emphysema and Bronchitis) and CHF

A

COPD
-use of accessory muscles
Emphysema:
-Barrel Chest
-Pursed lips breathing
-Tripod
Chronic Bronchitis
-May be obese
-difficult with expiration

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28
Q

Breath Sounds for COPD and CHF

A

COPD
Rhonchi, Weezing

CHF
Crackles, Weezing

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29
Q

Skin Color Comparison for COPD and CHF

A

COPD
Pink in emphysema
Blue in chronic bronchitis

CHF
Cyanotic

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30
Q

Circulation comparison for COPD and CHF

A

COPD
No Dependent Edema

CHF
Dependent Edema

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31
Q

Comparison of Medications for COPD and CHF

A

COPD
Bronchodilators, oxygen, steroids

CHF
Diuretics, antihypertensives

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32
Q

Diseases associated with Wheezes

A

Asthma
Anaphylaxis
Bronchitis
CHF
COPD
Pneumonia

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33
Q

Diseases associated with Rhonchi

A

Bronchitis
COPD
Pneumonia

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34
Q

Crackles

A

CHF
Pneumonia

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35
Q

Stridor

A

Croup
Epiglottitis

36
Q

Decreased or absent breath sounds

A

Asthma
COPD
Pneumonia
Hemothorax
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis

37
Q

Signs of normal breathing

A

Normal Rate: 12-20 breaths
Regular Pattern
Clear and equal breath sounds
Regular and equal chest rise
Good depth
Unlabored

38
Q

Acidosis

A

Excess acid in the blood or tissues

39
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds: Wheezing, Stridor, Rhonchi, and Crackles

40
Q

Alkalosis

A

Excess base in the body

41
Q

Allergen

A

Substance that causes an allergic reaction

42
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction, may include shock and respiratory failure.

43
Q

Asthma

A

Acute spasm of bronchioles, excess mucus production.

44
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of alveoli’s in the lungs

45
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

46
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchioles usually occurs in children younger than 2 years.

47
Q

Bronchitis

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue, cough sputum, and sometimes fever.

48
Q

Carbon Dioxide Retention

A

Condition of high levels of CO2, to where the body doesn’t respond to high levels of CO2 anymore.

49
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, and highly poisonous.

50
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Irritation of the major lung passages from long term exposure to a disease or smoke.

51
Q

COPD

A

Characterized by chronic obstructions of airflow that interferes with normal breathing.
Umbrella term for emphysema and chronic bronchitis

52
Q

CPAP

A

A method of ventilation used for patients in respiratory distress, can prevent the need for intubation.

53
Q

Covid-19

A

A respiratory disease caused by the SARS-COV-2.

54
Q

Crackles

A

Crackle, or rattling breathing sounds caused by fluid in the air spaces of the lungs.

55
Q

Croup

A

A viral inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system (pharynx, larynx, and trachea) may cause obstruction, usually seen in children.

56
Q

Diphtheria

A

Infectious disease pseudo membrane forms, lining the pharynx, can obstruct air into the larynx.

57
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath

58
Q

Embolus

A

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that moves from its origin to a vessel and causes blockage of blood flow.

59
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease of the lung with extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. COPD

60
Q

Epiglotitis

A

A bacterial infection, inflammation of the epiglottis and may cause an upper airway obstruction.

61
Q

Hay fever

A

Seasonal Allergies, response to outdoor allergens such as pollen or indoor like dust mites or pet hair.

62
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid, usually deep breathing that lowers the blood CO2 level.

63
Q

Hyperventilation Syndrome

A

Ventilations may be as high as 40 shallow breaths per minute or as low as 20 breath per minute. This syndrome is often associated with panic attacks.

64
Q

Hypoxia

A

A dangerous condition in which the body cells and tissue do not get enough oxygen.

65
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen stimulate the respiratory drive, seen in patients with chronic lung disease.

66
Q

Influenza Type A

A

Virus that crossed the animal/human barrier, reaching a pandemic level with H1N1 strain.

67
Q

Metered Dose Inhaler

A

Spray Canister used to direct medications from the mouth into the lungs.

68
Q

Orthopnea

A

Severe dyspnea experienced when laying down and relieved by sitting up

69
Q

Oxygenation

A

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation.

70
Q

Pandemic

A

Outbreak that occurs on a global scale

71
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining.

72
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A

An airborne bacterial infection that affects children younger than 6. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after coughing, highly contagious.

73
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Collection of fluid between the lungs and chest wall.

74
Q

Pleuritic Chest Pain

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath. Often caused by inflammation of the pleura.

75
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infectious disease of the lung that causes damage to lung tissue.

76
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air or gas into the pleural cavity.

77
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, often as a result of CHF.

78
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to a vessel causing obstruction

79
Q

Respiration

A

The process of exchanging oxygen with carbon dioxide.

80
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Virus that causes an infection in the lungs, can lead to other serious illnesses such as Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia. Highly contagious and spread through droplets.

81
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse, low pitch breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

82
Q

Small Volume Nebulizer

A

Respiratory device that turns liquid medicine into a fine mist. Inhales medication into airways and lungs for conditions such as asthma.

83
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh, high pitched respiratory sound, heard during inspiration that is caused by blockage of the upperairway

84
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Contagious Disease that attacks the lungs, may be resistant to antibiotics and can remain dormant in a person for decades and reactivate.

85
Q

Ventilation

A

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment

86
Q

Vascular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli.

87
Q

Wheezing

A

A high pitched, whistling sounds that is more prominent in exhalation Suggestions obstruction of the lowerairway.

EMT (7 decks)

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