Chapter 16: Reaction Pathways

Question 1

Complete combustion of alkanes

Answer 1

Alkane + plentiful supply of oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 2

Incomplete combustion of alkanes

Answer 2

Alkane + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water

Question 3

Halogenation of alkanes

Answer 3

Alkane + halogen –> haloalkane + hydrogen halide

• UV radiation

Question 4

Hydration of alkenes

Answer 4

Alkene + steam –> alcohol

• acid catalyst

Question 5

Electrophilic addition of alkenes

Answer 5

Alkene + electrophile (HBr, Br2, H2SO4) –> addition product

Question 6

Addition polymerisation of alkenes

Answer 6

n(alkene monomer) –> (polymer)n

• high temperatures
• high pressures
• catalysts

Question 7

Oxidation of primary alcohols to form aldehydes

Answer 7

Alcohol + [O] –> aldehyde + water

• K2Cr2O7
• H2SO4
• distillation

Question 8

Oxidation of primary alcohols to form carboxylic acids

Answer 8

Alcohol + 2[O] –> carboxylic acid + water

• excess of K2Cr2O7
• H2SO4
• reflux

Question 9

Oxidation of secondary alcohols

Answer 9

Alcohol + [O] –> Ketone + Water

• K2Cr2O7
• H2SO4
• reflux

Question 10

Dehydration of alcohols

Answer 10

Alcohol –> Alkene + Water

• reflux
• acid catalyst

Question 11

Substitution reactions of alcohols

Answer 11

Alcohol + hydrogen halide –> haloalkane + water

• reflux
• concentrated H2SO4

Question 12

Nucleophilic addition od haloalkanes

Answer 12

Primary haloalkane + nucleophile –> alcohol + halide ion

• reflux

Question 13

Hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer 13

Alkene + H2 –> alkane

• nickel catalyst
• 423K temperature