Chapter 11: Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are structural isomers?
Compoundswith the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
What are the types of covalent bond fission?
Homolytic fission
Heterolytic fission
What is homolytic fission?
This is when a covalent bond breaks and each of the bonded atoms take one of the shared pair of electrons forming two radicals as each atom now has one single unpaired electron.
What is heterolytic fission?
It is when a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms takes both of electrons from the shared pair forming two ions where the atom with both electrons is negatively charges and the other is positively charged.
What is a radical?
An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron. Radicals have a dot next to them when written in an equation.
What does a curly arrow represent?
It represents the electron flow in heterolytic fission or during the formation of a covalent bond.
What is addition? Give an example
It is a reaction when two reactants join together to form one product.
Example:
But-2-ene + H20 –> butan-2-ol
What is substitution? Give an example
It is a reaction where an atom or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.
Example:
1-bromopropane + OH- –> propan-1-ol
What is elimination? Give an example
It is a reaction that involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. One reactant molecule forms two products.
Example:
Propan-1-ol –> propene + H2O
What is the ranking order of functional groups?
- Carboxyl
- Aldehyde
- Ketone
- Alcohol
- Amine
What are the prefixes for these functional groups when they are dominated by another?
Aldehyde- formyl
Ketone- oxo
Alcohol- hydroxyl
Amine- amino
What are the suffixes for the funtional groups?
Carboxylic acid- oic acid Aldehyde- al Ketone- one Alcohol- ol Amine- amine
What is the definition of general formula?
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.
Eg. CnH2n+2 : alkane
What is the definition of structural formula?
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
What is the definition of displayed formula?
The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them.
What is the skeletal formula?
The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
Definition of a homologous series
Series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2 group.
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.
What is the definition of aliphatic?
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
What is the definition of alicyclic?
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.
What is the definition of aromatic?
A compound containing a benzene ring.
What is the definition of saturated?
Single carbon-carbon bonds only
What is the definition of unsaturated?
The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds
What does the term empirical formula mean?
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
