Chapter 11: Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are structural isomers?

Answer 1

Compoundswith the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Question 2

What are the types of covalent bond fission?

Answer 2

Homolytic fission

Heterolytic fission

Question 3

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 3

This is when a covalent bond breaks and each of the bonded atoms take one of the shared pair of electrons forming two radicals as each atom now has one single unpaired electron.

Question 4

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 4

It is when a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms takes both of electrons from the shared pair forming two ions where the atom with both electrons is negatively charges and the other is positively charged.

Question 5

What is a radical?

Answer 5

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron. Radicals have a dot next to them when written in an equation.

Question 6

What does a curly arrow represent?

Answer 6

It represents the electron flow in heterolytic fission or during the formation of a covalent bond.

Question 7

What is addition? Give an example

Answer 7

It is a reaction when two reactants join together to form one product.
Example:
But-2-ene + H20 –> butan-2-ol

Question 8

What is substitution? Give an example

Answer 8

It is a reaction where an atom or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.
Example:
1-bromopropane + OH- –> propan-1-ol

Question 9

What is elimination? Give an example

Answer 9

It is a reaction that involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. One reactant molecule forms two products.
Example:
Propan-1-ol –> propene + H2O

Question 10

What is the ranking order of functional groups?

Answer 10

1. Carboxyl
2. Aldehyde
3. Ketone
4. Alcohol
5. Amine

Question 11

What are the prefixes for these functional groups when they are dominated by another?

Answer 11

Aldehyde- formyl
Ketone- oxo
Alcohol- hydroxyl
Amine- amino

Question 12

What are the suffixes for the funtional groups?

Answer 12

Carboxylic acid- oic acid
Aldehyde- al
Ketone- one
Alcohol- ol
Amine- amine

Question 13

What is the definition of general formula?

Answer 13

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.
Eg. CnH2n+2 : alkane

Question 14

What is the definition of structural formula?

Answer 14

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Question 15

What is the definition of displayed formula?

Answer 15

The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them.

Question 16

What is the skeletal formula?

Answer 16

The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.

Question 17

Definition of a homologous series

Answer 17

Series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2 group.

Question 18

What is a functional group?

Answer 18

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

Question 19

What is the definition of aliphatic?

Answer 19

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.

Question 20

What is the definition of alicyclic?

Answer 20

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.

Question 21

What is the definition of aromatic?

Answer 21

A compound containing a benzene ring.

Question 22

What is the definition of saturated?

Answer 22

Single carbon-carbon bonds only

Question 23

What is the definition of unsaturated?

Answer 23

The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds

Question 24

What does the term empirical formula mean?

Answer 24

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 25

What does the term molecular formula mean?

Answer 25

It provides the actual number of atoms of differenr elements in a molecule.