Chapter 16: Rates of Reaction Flashcards
Rate of reaction
The rate of reaction is defined as the change in concentration per unit time of any one reactant or product.
Instantaneous rate of reaction
The rate of reaction at any one particular time during the reaction.
Factors affecting rates of reactions
- Nature of reactants
- Particle size
- Concentration
- Temperature
- Catalysts
Nature of reactants
- Reactions that do not involve bond breaking but the coming together of oppositely charged species in solution are usually fast at room temp.
- Reactions that involve breaking of covalent bonds are usually slow at room temperature.
Catalyst
A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed in the reaction.
Enzyme
A substance that is produced by a living cell and acts as a biological catalyst.
Homogeneous catalysis
is catalysis in which both the reactants and the catalyst are in the same phase.
Heterogeneous catalysis
is catalysis in which the reactants and the catalyst are in different phases.
Autocatalysis
is catalysis in which one of the products of the reaction acts as a catalyst for the reaction.
Catalytic converter
A device in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle which contains catalysts to convert pollutants in the exhaust gases to less harmful substances.
Metals found in catalytic converter
Rhodium (Rh)
Platinum (Pt)
Palladium (Pd)
Catalyst poison
A substance that makes a catalyst inactive.
Catalytic converter equation
2CO + 2NO—— 2CO2 + N2
Effective collision
One that results in the formation of products
Activation energy
The minimum energy that colliding particles must have for a reaction to occur.
