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Government > Chapter 16 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Whenever political parties are mentioned, most Americans automatically think of __________ and ___________

A

Republicans and Democrats.

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2
Q

The history of the American one-party system dates to our earliest struggles as a nation. (T/F)

A

false, two-party

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3
Q

What produced two political camps—the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists?

A

Partisan struggles and personality conflicts

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4
Q

The Republicans won seven of the ten presidential elections from _____ to _____.

A

1952 to 1988

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5
Q

Most elections held in the United States are single-member district elections. (T/F)

A

true

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6
Q

Single-member district elections are used in a ____________ system based on a candidate’s receiving a _______, or the largest number, of votes cast for an office.

A

winner-take-all; plurality

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7
Q

The two major parties come together in a bipartisan manner to shape laws that make it difficult for a third-party candidate to get on the ballot. (T/F)

A

true

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8
Q

bipartisan

A

a spirit of two-party cooperation

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9
Q

America’s diversity is mirrored in its ___ major parties.

A

two

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10
Q

This is why opposing candidates might sound quite similar on a number of issues…

A

they are trying to reach the same voters—those in the middle.

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11
Q

party platform

A

a formal statement of a party’s position on current issues

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12
Q

A party platform is drafted at a party’s national convention every four years and provides evidence of these distinctions. (T/F)

A

true

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13
Q

A 1980 survey of the Democratic National Committee revealed that ___ percent of its members described themselves as liberal

A

36%

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14
Q

What is one whose political view seeks to change the political, economic, and social status quo

A

liberal

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15
Q

On the other hand, ___ percent of the Republican National Committee members described themselves as conservative.

A

63%

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16
Q

What is one whose political view defends against major changes in the political, economic, and social institutions

A

Conservative

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17
Q

Party membership is a matter of formal obligation. (T/F)

A

false; personal identification

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18
Q

The single most influential factor in most people’s choice of a party or political philosophy is…

A

their family background

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19
Q

The two-party system provides more stability than a multiparty system. (T/F)

A

true

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20
Q

coalition

A

a temporary alliance of several groups

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21
Q

Coalitions are formed to make new friends. (T/F)

A

false, gain a majority

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22
Q

Having two parties provides an open forum for competing ideas, and that requires pliability to meet the demands of democratic government. (T/F)

A

true

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23
Q

Identify the characteristics of the two-party system.

A

diverse support, broad appeal, similarities between the parties on certain issues, different ideologies, party membership by personal identification, stability, and flexibility

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24
Q

How does the electoral system encourage a two-party system?

A

through single-member districts and election law

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25
Q

Why does a two-party system provide more stability than a multiparty system?

A

In multiparty systems, many factions divide the electorate, making it difficult for one party to win a majority. Coalitions between these parties do not always hold together.

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26
Q

Union victory in the ____ ____ ensured Republican success until well into the twentieth century.

A

civil war

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27
Q

the election of Democrat who snapped the Republican hold on the presidency and Congress.

A

Franklin Roosevelt

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28
Q

But since ____________ 1952 election, the Republicans have dominated the highest office.

A

Eisenhower’s

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29
Q

The Republican Party made history in ____ by winning control of the Senate and expanding its control of the House.

A

2002

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30
Q

The Jeffersonian victory in 1800 swept the ____________ out of power and began a long period of one-party domination.

A

Federalists

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31
Q

Andrew Jackson’s victory in 1828 produced several notable results for political parties…

A
  1. organized competition(voting)
  2. nomination process was expanded through the use of the convention
  3. patronage- the practice of giving jobs to friends and other supporters
  4. political campaign- an organized effort by a political party or candidate to attract voter support
32
Q

delegates

A

party representatives

33
Q

Before the advent of the convention, a party’s nominees were chosen by a homie. (T/F)

A

false; caucus

34
Q

caucus

A

a small meeting of a party’s top leaders and legislators in Congress

35
Q

demands for reform of the entire nominating process brought about another important change in party development—____________

A

the primary

36
Q

a state election in which voters select the candidates who will run on each party’s ticket in the general election

A

primary

37
Q

A ___________ ________ is a state-run election to select the party nominees for most local, state, and national offices.

A

nominating primary

38
Q

In a _____________ __________, voters elect the state party’s delegates, who will go to their political party’s national convention to select the party’s candidate.

A

presidential primary

39
Q

In this system, common in most European democracies, several major and many minor parties compete for public offices.

A

multiparty system

40
Q

Each party is based on a specific interest, such as…

A

religious belief, political ideology, economic class, or section of the country

41
Q

Multiparty systems require coalitions. (T/F)

A

true

42
Q

Most of today’s dictatorships have a multiparty system of government in which many political parties are allowed. (T/F)

A

false, one-party system

43
Q

What was possibly the single most influential factor in building party organization after 1828? Why was it so influential?

A

Patronage, or the spoils system; the spoils system gave a person greater incentive to get involved in a party and to encourage voter turnout for his candidate.

44
Q

How have primaries weakened political parties?

A

by shifting the power focus from the party organization to the campaign organization and by making the party the servant and not the master of candidates and incumbents

45
Q

The key point that distinguishes political parties from groups that are simply politically oriented is that political parties are organized to gain respect by winning elections. (T/F)

A

false; power

46
Q

How long have the republicans and democrats been around?

A

two centuries

47
Q

What word means to name?

A

nominate

48
Q

How are party candidates chosen? (Hint: 3 processes)

A

convention, caucus, state primary

49
Q

Strong devotion to a political party is…

A

partisanship

50
Q

The behavior and policies of the party in power are watched carefully and reported on, so that party is more accountable to the people. What is this demonstrating?

A

watchdog

51
Q

What is the chief benefit of having political parties?

A

avoids extremists and seeks to find common ground

52
Q

________ parties are third parties that spring up around a single burning issue—often one that the major parties find too hot to handle.

A

Issue

53
Q

Parties that rise from political and social ideas outside the mainstream are called _______________ parties.

A

idealogical

54
Q

_________ parties are minor parties that split from major parties, generally over policy but sometimes over personality conflicts.

A

Splinter

54
Q

_________ parties are minor parties that split from major parties, generally over policy but sometimes over personality conflicts.

A

Splinter

55
Q

In the 1912 election, _____________ ______________ Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party, which splintered from the Republican Party, divided that party’s votes and delivered Democrat Woodrow Wilson an electoral landslide.

A

Theodore Roosevelt’s

56
Q

Third parties draw attention to specific issues that major parties do not take a strong position on or simply ignore. (T/F)

A

true

57
Q

What are the four causes for a third party to start?

A

issue, ideology, economic depression, splinter(disagreement)

58
Q

Which constitutional amendments resulted from specific third-party issues?

A

the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments

59
Q

A party’s effectiveness at any level often depends on the ____________ and ________________ of its membership

A

strength; motivation

60
Q

The basic goal of the two major parties is to gain control of government by winning elective office. (T/F)

A

true

61
Q

_____________ ______________ is an important party function that is essential to the electoral process.

A

Nominating candidates

62
Q

The Republican National Committee (RNC) includes _________ state party chairmen.

A

several

63
Q

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) includes _________ party chairmen.

A

many

64
Q

In large cities, the districts are divided into _______ for the purpose of city council elections, then subdivided into precincts

A

wards

65
Q

__________ are the smallest units of election districts and party administration.

A

Precincts

66
Q

Identify the two major purposes of a party’s national convention.

A

to nominate the party’s candidates for president and vice president and to approve the party platform

67
Q

What group manages national-party activities during the time between national conventions? Who is the nominal party leader during that time?

A

the national committee; the national chairman

68
Q

What are three factors that contribute to the fragmented nature of political parties?

A

membership strength, federalism, and the nominating process

69
Q

In the early twentieth century, reformers introduced the _________ to open up the nominating process to broader participation

A

primary

70
Q

In _____, the violence and charges of corruption surrounding Democrat Hubert Humphrey’s nomination sparked widespread campaign reform.

A

1968

71
Q

The reform movement has resulted in greater party involvement by ____________ ________ (groups formed around a particular issue or agenda).

A

interest groups

72
Q

There has been a dramatic decrease in the number of independent voters. (T/F)

A

false; rise

73
Q

voting for candidates of both parties for different offices

A

Ticket splitting

74
Q

How did widespread protests at the 1968 party conventions spark campaign reform?

A

They led to an increase in the number of presidential primaries and an increased number of national delegates drawn from those primaries.

Government (5 decks)

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