Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments

Question 1

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Answer 1

a self-help program based on 12 Steps that provides social support for achieving sobriety

Question 2

aversion therapy

Answer 2

treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviours

Question 3

behavioural therapists

Answer 3

therapists who focus on specific problem behaviours and on current variables that maintain problematic thoughts. feelings, and behaviours

Question 4

cognitive-behavioural therapies

Answer 4

treatments that attempt to replace maladaptive or irrational cognitions with more adaptive, rational cognitions

Question 5

Dismantling

Answer 5

research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment

Question 6

ecological momentary assessment

Answer 6

assessment of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that arise in the moment in situations in which they occur in everyday life

Question 7

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 7

patients receive brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce a seizure to treat serious psychological problems

Question 8

empirically supported treatment

Answer 8

intervention for specific disorders supported by high-quality scientific evidence

Question 9

exposure therapy

Answer 9

therapy that confronts patients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear

Question 10

free association

Answer 10

technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any sort

Question 11

Gestalt therapy

Answer 11

therapy that aims to integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self

Question 12

group therapy

Answer 12

therapy that treats more than one person at a time

Question 13

humanistic therapies

Answer 13

therapies that emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive

Question 14

insight therapies

Answer 14

psychotherapies, including psychodynamic, humanistic, and group approaches, with the goal of expanding awareness or insight

Question 15

interpersonal therapy

Answer 15

treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions

Question 16

paraprofessional

Answer 16

person with no professional training who provides mental health services

Question 17

participant modeling

Answer 17

technique in which the therapist first models a problematic situation and then guides the client through steps to cope with it unassisted

Question 18

person centered therapy

Answer 18

therapy centring on the client’s goals and ways of solving problems

Question 19

psychophamracology

Answer 19

use of medications to treat psychological problems

Question 20

psychosurgery

Answer 20

brain surgery to treat psychological problems

Question 21

psychotherapy

Answer 21

psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional behavioural and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

Question 22

resistance

Answer 22

attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulses

Question 23

response prevention

Answer 23

technique in which therapists prevent clients from performing their typical avoidance behaviours

Question 24

strategic family intervention

Answer 24

family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication

Question 25

structural family therapy

Answer 25

treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions

Question 26

systematic desensitization

Answer 26

patients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner

Question 27

token economy

Answer 27

method in which desirable behaviours are rewarded with tokens that clients can exchange for tangible rewards

Question 28

transference

Answer 28

projecting intense, unrealistic feelings