Chapter 16 - kidney

Question 1

diagnosis

Answer 1

Figure 16-97 Bladder eversion in a cow. Note the congested
and discolored soft mass protruding downward from the vulva.

Question 2

what is the cow doing?

Answer 2

Figure 16-98 Heifer with unilateral ureteral urolithiasis
showing abdominal pain. Note stretching.

Question 3

what access to do sx of kidney

Answer 3

Both kidneys are accessible from the right
paralumbar fossa

Question 4

describe unilat nephrectomy

Answer 4

• For unresponsive pyelonephritis, poly-cystic
  kidney and hydronephrosis, ectopic urether
• Standing right paralumbar fossa approach
• When possible, remove it from the retroperitoneal
  space and not the abdomen
• Renal artery vein and the ureter is identified and
  ligated.
• Biopsy of the remaining kidney prior to closure

Question 5

how do you diagnose ruptured bladder?

Answer 5

Secondary to urethral urolithiasis in feedlot steers
* Peritoneum:serum creatinine ratio of 2:1

Question 6

How do you repair ruptured bladder?

Answer 6

• Hyponatremic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis
• NaCl and dextrose (for hyperkalemia)
• Dorsal tears can heal sponatenously if a urinary catheter is placed
• Ventral tears requires surgery via :
  1) caudal flank,
  2) ventrolateral celiotomy,
  3) ventral midline dep. on size of the udder.

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

treatment

Answer 8

Post-partum, Eversion or retroflexion
* Topical hyperosmotic agents, epidural, +/- incision of the urethra +/- amputation
of the apex of the bladder
* Replacement and suturing of incisions and tearing to decrease the risk of
intestinal evisceration

Question 9

A cow with urinary incontinence is due to what pathology?

Answer 9

ectopic urether

Question 10

how do you diagnose ectopic urether?

Answer 10

• Endoscopic examination and parental injection of fluorescein
• Intravenous pyolegram

Question 11

a cow with unreposnive to unilateral pyelonephritis or polycystic kidney and hydronephoris you treat how?

Answer 11

unilateral nephrectomy

Question 12

how do you treat ectopic urether?

Answer 12

1) unilateral nephrectomy,
2) ureterovesicular anastomosis
3) ureteroneocystostomy

Question 13

diagnosis

Answer 13

Figure 16-90 A, A kidney removed from a cow with pyelonephritis.
Note multiple small abscesses in the cortices and
pus present in the ureter (arrow). B, Polycystic kidney.
Forceps are outlining the dilated ureter.

Question 14

diagnsosis

Answer 14

Figure 16-100 A, Left-lateral, positive-contrast cystogram
and urethrogram. The pelvic portion of the urethra is normally
distensible and smooth. The area of the urethral diverticulum
is clearly seen at the junction of the pelvic and
membranous portion of the urethra. Contrast material
flows distally and opacifies the entire portion of the membranous
penile urethra. No filling defects or irregularities
are recognized. B, Left-lateral, positive-contrast cystogram
and normograde urethrogram showing multiple, varioussized
filling defects in the urethra consistent with urinary
calculi

Question 15

Hwo do you perform a excretory urography?

Answer 15

Iodinated contrast materials IV * Rapid infiltration occurs and the
kidney and urether should be seen within 3-5 min

Question 16

Answer 16

Figure 16-99 Left-lateral radiograph of the caudal abdomen
of a 5-year-old goat with urethritis. A positive contrast cystogram
and partial normograde urethrogram was performed,
and retrograde flow into the ureter is seen. Note normal site of
entry ureter.