chapter 16, Emily review

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

long distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph

Question 2

2 main classes of hormones:

Answer 2

1) amino acids

2) steroids

Question 3

2 mechanisms of hormone action:

Answer 3

1) stimulate mitosis

2) induce secretory activity

Question 4

all water-soluble hormones are ALL _________ EXCEPT:

Answer 4

amino based hormones

-thyroid hormone

Question 5

lipid-soluble

Answer 5

act on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes

Question 6

water soluble

Answer 6

bind to receptors through secondary messengers

Question 7

up regulation

Answer 7

target cells form more receptors

Question 8

down regulation

Answer 8

target cells lose receptors

Question 9

permissivness

Answer 9

one hormone cant exert its effects its effects w/out another hormone being present

Question 10

synergism

Answer 10

more than one hormone produces the same effect on a target cell (enhancing)

Question 11

antagonism

Answer 11

one or more hormones opposes the action of another hormone (against)

Question 12

humoral stimuli

Answer 12

fluids (blood) and calcium

Question 13

neural stimuli

Answer 13

hypothalamus and pineal glands

Question 14

hormonal stimuli

Answer 14

work together

Question 15

anterior pituitary hormones are all ________ except _______

Answer 15

proteins, growth hormones

Question 16

tropic hormones

Answer 16

regulate action of other endocrine glands

• TSH
• ACTH
• FSH
• LH

Question 17

somatotrophs are cells of _______ that specifically target ______ growth. These cells help produce _______

Answer 17

pituitary
body cells
growth hormone (GH)

Question 18

alcohol inhibits _______

Answer 18

anti diuretic hormone

Question 19

ADH is also known as

Answer 19

vasopressin

Question 20

the parathyroid glands contain _______ cell and ______

Answer 20

oxyphil and chief cells

Question 21

adrenal medulla

Answer 21

nervous tissue; part of sympathetic nervous system

Question 22

adrenal cortex

Answer 22

3 layers of grandular tissue that synthesize and secrete corticolsteroids

Question 23

3 layers of adrenal cortex:

Answer 23

zona glomerulus= mineralcorticocoids
zona fasciculate= glucocorticoids
zona reticularis= sex hormones; gonadocprtcoids, androgens

Question 24

zona reticularis leads to the production of

Answer 24

androgens

Question 25

cortisol is the most _______ glucocorticoid

Answer 25

significant

Question 26

glucogenesis Is the formation of

Answer 26

glucose from fats and proteins

Question 27

chromaffin cells secrete _____ of epinephrine and _____ norepinephrine

Answer 27

80/20

Question 28

epinephrine

Answer 28

stimulate metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart.

Question 29

alpha cells

Answer 29

produce glucogen

Question 30

beta cells

Answer 30

produce insulin

Question 31

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 31

reduces blood pressure

Question 32

gland associate w? immune response is

Answer 32

thymus

Question 33

hypersecretion of growth hormone

Answer 33

gigantism (kids), acromegaly (adults)

Question 34

hyposecretion of GH

Answer 34

dwarfism (pituitary)

Question 35

hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

Answer 35

graves disease

Question 36

hyposecretion of TH in adults

Answer 36

myxedema

Question 37

hyposecretion of TH in kids

Answer 37

cretinism

Question 38

hyperecretion of glucocorticoids

Answer 38

cushings

Question 39

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids

Answer 39

addisons