chapter 16 - disorders common among children and adolescents Flashcards
separation anxiety disorder
a disorder marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the person is separated from home, a parent, or another attachment figure
selective mutism
a disorder marked by failure to speak in certain social situations when speech is expected, despite ability to speak in other situations
play therapy
an approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, playing with toys, and making up stories
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
a childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood
oppositional defiant disorder
a disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, and perhaps vindictive
conduct disorder
a disorder in which children repeatedly violate the basic human rights of others and display significant aggression
parent management training
a treatment approach for conduct disorder in which therapists combine family and CBT to help improve family functioning and help parents deal with their children more effectively
enuresis
a childhood disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of one’s clothes
encopresis
a childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one’s clothing
neurodevelopmental disorders
a group of disabilities–including ADHD, autism, and intellectual disability–in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect one’s behavior, memory, concentration, or ability to learn
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or by overactive and impulsive behavior, or both
methylphenidate
a stimulant drug, better known by the trade names Ritalin or Concerta, commonly used to treat ADHD
autism spectrum disorder
a developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
theory of mind
an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states, not on information that they have no way of knowing
joint attention
sharing focus with other people on items or events in one’s immediate surroundings, whether through shared eye-gazing, pointing, referencing, or other verbal or nonverbal indications that one is paying attention to the same object
augmentative communication system
a method for enhancing the communication skills of people with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pictures, symbols, letters or words on a communication board or computer
intellectual disability (ID)
a disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average. previously called mental retardation
intelligence quotient (IQ)
a score derived from intelligence tests that theoretically represents a person’s overall intellectual capacity
down syndrome
a form of intellectual disability caused by an abnormality in the 21st chromosome
fetal alcohol syndrome
a group of problems in a child, including lower intellectual functioning, low birth weight, and irregularities in the hands and face, that result from excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy
state school
a state-supported institution for people with intellectual disability
normalization
the principle that institutions and community residences for people with intellectual disability should provide living conditions and opportunities similar to those enjoyed by the rest of society
special education
an approach to educating children with intellectial disability in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially designed education
special education
an approach to educating children with intellectual disability in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially designed education
