chapter 16 - disorders common among children and adolescents

Question 1

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 1

a disorder marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the person is separated from home, a parent, or another attachment figure

Question 2

selective mutism

Answer 2

a disorder marked by failure to speak in certain social situations when speech is expected, despite ability to speak in other situations

Question 3

play therapy

Answer 3

an approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, playing with toys, and making up stories

Question 4

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 4

a childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood

Question 5

oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 5

a disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, and perhaps vindictive

Question 6

conduct disorder

Answer 6

a disorder in which children repeatedly violate the basic human rights of others and display significant aggression

Question 7

parent management training

Answer 7

a treatment approach for conduct disorder in which therapists combine family and CBT to help improve family functioning and help parents deal with their children more effectively

Question 8

enuresis

Answer 8

a childhood disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of one’s clothes

Question 9

encopresis

Answer 9

a childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one’s clothing

Question 10

neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 10

a group of disabilities–including ADHD, autism, and intellectual disability–in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect one’s behavior, memory, concentration, or ability to learn

Question 11

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 11

a disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or by overactive and impulsive behavior, or both

Question 12

methylphenidate

Answer 12

a stimulant drug, better known by the trade names Ritalin or Concerta, commonly used to treat ADHD

Question 13

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 13

a developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities

Question 14

theory of mind

Answer 14

an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states, not on information that they have no way of knowing

Question 15

joint attention

Answer 15

sharing focus with other people on items or events in one’s immediate surroundings, whether through shared eye-gazing, pointing, referencing, or other verbal or nonverbal indications that one is paying attention to the same object

Question 16

augmentative communication system

Answer 16

a method for enhancing the communication skills of people with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pictures, symbols, letters or words on a communication board or computer

Question 17

intellectual disability (ID)

Answer 17

a disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average. previously called mental retardation

Question 18

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 18

a score derived from intelligence tests that theoretically represents a person’s overall intellectual capacity

Question 19

down syndrome

Answer 19

a form of intellectual disability caused by an abnormality in the 21st chromosome

Question 20

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 20

a group of problems in a child, including lower intellectual functioning, low birth weight, and irregularities in the hands and face, that result from excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy

Question 21

state school

Answer 21

a state-supported institution for people with intellectual disability

Question 22

normalization

Answer 22

the principle that institutions and community residences for people with intellectual disability should provide living conditions and opportunities similar to those enjoyed by the rest of society

Question 23

special education

Answer 23

an approach to educating children with intellectial disability in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially designed education

Question 24

special education

Answer 24

an approach to educating children with intellectual disability in which they are grouped together and given a separate, specially designed education

Question 25

mainstreaming

Answer 25

the placement of children with intellectual disability in regular school classes, also known as inclusion